java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 指定的主要资源集 [<jar>] 在嵌入式 Tomcat 中无效
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The main resource set specified [<jar>] is not valid in Embedded Tomcat
如何修复错误：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The main resource set specified [C:\temp\myApp.jar] is not valid
在嵌入式 Tomcat 应用程序中？
我认为我在上下文路径方面做错了什么，但我不知道如何设置它。启动应用程序时，Eclipse 会按预期工作，但是当我尝试从命令提示符 运行 时，出现以下错误。我粘贴在我尝试过的两种主要方式 App3 和 App4 下方（错误与通过命令提示符相同）。我猜它在 Eclipse 中没有显示错误，因为必须有一些与 Context 相关的预定义参数，它使应用程序在 Eclipse 上 运行 但在从命令提示符触发时崩溃。我已经检查过并且我使用的是完全相同的 JDK.
我认为问题出在上下文上，因为即使它 运行 以第二个尝试 (App4) 抛出 Eclipse，如果我检查 C:\temp，根本就没有 war那边
一个暂定（没有setAppBase）：
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
public class App3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ServletException,
LifecycleException, URISyntaxException {
String runningJarPath = App.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource() .getLocation().toURI().getPath().replaceAll("\\", "/");
String contextPath = "/";
File rootF = new File(runningJarPath);
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
tomcat.setBaseDir(".");
tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, rootF.getAbsolutePath());
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}
其他暂定（使用 setAppBase 到特定文件夹）：
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
public class App4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException,
ServletException, LifecycleException {
String runningJarPath = App4.class.getProtectionDomain()
.getCodeSource().getLocation().toURI().getPath()
.replaceAll("\\", "/");
String contextPath = "/";
File rootF = new File(runningJarPath);
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
tomcat.setBaseDir("C\temp");
//the next line was added along with ***Edited 2
tomcat.addWebapp(tomcat.getHost(), "/App", "C:\temp\");
//the next two lines commented was commented along with ***Edited 2
//tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, rootF.getAbsolutePath());
tomcat.getHost().setAppBase("C\temp");
tomcat.start();
//tomcat.addWebapp(tomcat.getHost(), "/App", "C:\temp\");//
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app >
<display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>App</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>App</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
来自 Eclipse 的日志：
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:25 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext setPath
WARNING: A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and do not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been changed to []
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:26 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSelector
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig getDefaultWebXmlFragment
INFO: No global web.xml found
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:38 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:39 PM org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner scanJars
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:39 PM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase createSecureRandom
INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [203] milliseconds.
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'App'
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean
INFO: FrameworkServlet 'App': initialization started
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing WebApplicationContext for namespace 'App-servlet': startup date [Wed Mar 02 15:11:40 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/App-servlet.xml]
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:41 PM org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping registerHandler
INFO: Mapped URL path [/upload] onto handler 'fileUploadController'
...
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:41 PM org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean
INFO: FrameworkServlet 'App': initialization completed in 1609 ms
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:41 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:45 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:45 PM org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner scanJars
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
命令提示符错误：
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>java -jar C:\temp\myApp.jar
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -agentlib:jvmhook
Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xrunjvmhook -Xbootclasspath/a:C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\
bin\JAVA_S~1\classes;C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\bin\JAVA_S~1\classes\jasmine.jar
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:55 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext setPath
WARNING: A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and d
o not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been changed to []
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSelector
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:57 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException:
Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
POM.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myCompany.myApp.batchs</groupId>
<artifactId>AuthFileUpload</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>AuthFileUpload</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<tomcat.version>8.0.32</tomcat.version>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.plugin.version>2.1</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
<spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-logging-juli</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper-el</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>embeddedApp</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>appassembler-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
<configuration>
<assembleDirectory>target</assembleDirectory>
<programs>
<program>
<mainClass>com.myCompany.myApp.batchs.AuthFileUpload.App4</mainClass>
<name>App4</name>
</program>
</programs>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>assemble</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
*** 已编辑 1 - 整个日志与暂定 1 (App3) 有关
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>java -jar C:\temp\myApp.jar
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -agentlib:jvmhook
Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xrunjvmhook -Xbootclasspath/a:C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\
bin\JAVA_S~1\classes;C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\bin\JAVA_S~1\classes\jasmine.jar
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext setPath
WARNING: A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and d
o not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been cha
nged to []
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSele
ctor
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException:
Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].Stand
ardContext[]]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:916)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java
:871)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1408)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1398)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.
java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor
.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
... 6 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [or
g.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@791d05e7]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardConte
xt.java:4928)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContex
t.java:5058)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The main resource set specified [
C:\temp\myApp.jar] is not valid
at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.createMainResourceSet(S
tandardRoot.java:723)
at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.startInternal(StandardR
oot.java:684)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 9 more
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException:
Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:916)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.
java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardServic
e.java:441)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.
java:769)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:345)
at com.MyCompany.myApp.batchs.AuthFileUpload.App3.main(App3.java:28)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1408)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1398)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.
java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor
.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed duri
ng start
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:924)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java
:871)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 6 more
Exception in thread "main" org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to sta
rt component [StandardServer[-1]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:345)
at com.MyCompany.myApp.batchs.AuthFileUpload.App3.main(App3.java:28)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardService[Tomcat]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.
java:769)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 2 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardEngine[Tomcat]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardServic
e.java:441)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 4 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed duri
ng start
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:924)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.
java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 6 more
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>
*** 编辑了 2 个与暂定 2 (App4) 有关的整个日志
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>java -jar C:\temp\myApp.jar
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -agentlib:jvmhook
Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xrunjvmhook -Xbootclasspath/a:C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\
bin\JAVA_S~1\classes;C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\bin\JAVA_S~1\classes\jasmine.jar
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSele
ctor
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:10 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext postWorkDirecto
ry
WARNING: Failed to create work directory [C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre\
C\temp\work\Tomcat\localhost\App] for context [/App]
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:10 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig getDefaultWebX
mlFragment
INFO: No global web.xml found
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase createSe
cureRandom
INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRN
G] took [187] milliseconds.
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.jasper.EmbeddedServletOptions <init>
SEVERE: The scratchDir you specified: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre\C\te
mp\work\Tomcat\localhost\App is unusable.
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
*** 添加于 2016/03/03 4:30PM（巴西利亚时间 UTC-03:00）
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,
ServletException, LifecycleException {
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
String strBaseDIr = "C:\temp\"; // Files.createTempDirectory("tomcat-basedir").toString();
tomcat.setBaseDir(strBaseDIr);
// Option 1 - default-doc-base - doesn't work even in Eclipse
// String strWebApp =
// Files.createTempDirectory("default-doc-base").toString();
// strWebApp is C:\Users\myUser\AppData\Local\Temp
// tomcat.addWebapp("", strWebApp);
// Option 2 - it works in Eclipse but "HTTP Status 404 - /upload" when
// started from java -jar
// tomcat.addWebapp("",
// "C:\STS\wsRestTemplate\AuthFileUpload\target\classes");
// Option 3 - passing empty path as you wrote
// "... the trick is to pass an empty folder ..."
// same issue - "HTTP Status 404 - /upload" when started from java -jar
// tomcat.addWebapp("", "");
// Option 4 - the executable jar was placed in C:\Temp
// same issue - "HTTP Status 404 - /upload" when started from java -jar
tomcat.addWebapp("/", "C:\temp\myApp.jar");
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
应用-servlet.xml
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mycompany.myapp.batchs.AuthFileUpload" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />
文档基本路径必须解析为一个文件夹，在您的情况下设置为当前 运行 jar。
鉴于您是 运行 一个 jar，并且 API 不接受 null 文档库，技巧是传递一个空文件夹（因此无法从它):
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
tomcat.setBaseDir(Files.createTempDirectory("tomcat-basedir").toString());
tomcat.addWebapp("/", Files.createTempDirectory("yourwebapp-doc-base").toString());
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}
你可以看here一个更复杂的例子，允许运行越过jar/war或源文件夹，启动后自动打开浏览器。
如何修复错误：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The main resource set specified [C:\temp\myApp.jar] is not valid
在嵌入式 Tomcat 应用程序中？
我认为我在上下文路径方面做错了什么，但我不知道如何设置它。启动应用程序时，Eclipse 会按预期工作，但是当我尝试从命令提示符 运行 时，出现以下错误。我粘贴在我尝试过的两种主要方式 App3 和 App4 下方（错误与通过命令提示符相同）。我猜它在 Eclipse 中没有显示错误，因为必须有一些与 Context 相关的预定义参数，它使应用程序在 Eclipse 上 运行 但在从命令提示符触发时崩溃。我已经检查过并且我使用的是完全相同的 JDK.
我认为问题出在上下文上，因为即使它 运行 以第二个尝试 (App4) 抛出 Eclipse，如果我检查 C:\temp，根本就没有 war那边
一个暂定（没有setAppBase）：
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
public class App3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ServletException,
LifecycleException, URISyntaxException {
String runningJarPath = App.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource() .getLocation().toURI().getPath().replaceAll("\\", "/");
String contextPath = "/";
File rootF = new File(runningJarPath);
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
tomcat.setBaseDir(".");
tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, rootF.getAbsolutePath());
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}
其他暂定（使用 setAppBase 到特定文件夹）：
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
public class App4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException,
ServletException, LifecycleException {
String runningJarPath = App4.class.getProtectionDomain()
.getCodeSource().getLocation().toURI().getPath()
.replaceAll("\\", "/");
String contextPath = "/";
File rootF = new File(runningJarPath);
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
tomcat.setBaseDir("C\temp");
//the next line was added along with ***Edited 2
tomcat.addWebapp(tomcat.getHost(), "/App", "C:\temp\");
//the next two lines commented was commented along with ***Edited 2
//tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, rootF.getAbsolutePath());
tomcat.getHost().setAppBase("C\temp");
tomcat.start();
//tomcat.addWebapp(tomcat.getHost(), "/App", "C:\temp\");//
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app >
<display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>App</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>App</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
来自 Eclipse 的日志：
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:25 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext setPath
WARNING: A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and do not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been changed to []
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:26 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSelector
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:27 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig getDefaultWebXmlFragment
INFO: No global web.xml found
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:38 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:39 PM org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner scanJars
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:39 PM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase createSecureRandom
INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [203] milliseconds.
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'App'
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean
INFO: FrameworkServlet 'App': initialization started
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing WebApplicationContext for namespace 'App-servlet': startup date [Wed Mar 02 15:11:40 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:40 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/App-servlet.xml]
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:41 PM org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping registerHandler
INFO: Mapped URL path [/upload] onto handler 'fileUploadController'
...
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:41 PM org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean
INFO: FrameworkServlet 'App': initialization completed in 1609 ms
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:41 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:45 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 02, 2016 3:11:45 PM org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner scanJars
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
命令提示符错误：
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>java -jar C:\temp\myApp.jar
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -agentlib:jvmhook
Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xrunjvmhook -Xbootclasspath/a:C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\
bin\JAVA_S~1\classes;C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\bin\JAVA_S~1\classes\jasmine.jar
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:55 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext setPath
WARNING: A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and d
o not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been changed to []
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSelector
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 3:15:57 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException:
Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
POM.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myCompany.myApp.batchs</groupId>
<artifactId>AuthFileUpload</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>AuthFileUpload</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<tomcat.version>8.0.32</tomcat.version>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.plugin.version>2.1</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
<spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-logging-juli</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper-el</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>embeddedApp</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>appassembler-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
<configuration>
<assembleDirectory>target</assembleDirectory>
<programs>
<program>
<mainClass>com.myCompany.myApp.batchs.AuthFileUpload.App4</mainClass>
<name>App4</name>
</program>
</programs>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>assemble</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
*** 已编辑 1 - 整个日志与暂定 1 (App3) 有关
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>java -jar C:\temp\myApp.jar
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -agentlib:jvmhook
Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xrunjvmhook -Xbootclasspath/a:C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\
bin\JAVA_S~1\classes;C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\bin\JAVA_S~1\classes\jasmine.jar
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext setPath
WARNING: A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and d
o not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been cha
nged to []
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSele
ctor
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException:
Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].Stand
ardContext[]]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:916)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java
:871)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1408)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1398)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.
java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor
.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
... 6 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [or
g.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@791d05e7]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardConte
xt.java:4928)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContex
t.java:5058)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The main resource set specified [
C:\temp\myApp.jar] is not valid
at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.createMainResourceSet(S
tandardRoot.java:723)
at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.startInternal(StandardR
oot.java:684)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 9 more
Mar 02, 2016 7:53:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException:
Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:916)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.
java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardServic
e.java:441)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.
java:769)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:345)
at com.MyCompany.myApp.batchs.AuthFileUpload.App3.main(App3.java:28)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1408)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.
java:1398)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.
java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor
.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed duri
ng start
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:924)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java
:871)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 6 more
Exception in thread "main" org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to sta
rt component [StandardServer[-1]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:345)
at com.MyCompany.myApp.batchs.AuthFileUpload.App3.main(App3.java:28)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardService[Tomcat]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.
java:769)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 2 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [St
andardEngine[Tomcat]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardServic
e.java:441)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 4 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed duri
ng start
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.ja
va:924)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.
java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
... 6 more
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>
*** 编辑了 2 个与暂定 2 (App4) 有关的整个日志
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre>java -jar C:\temp\myApp.jar
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -agentlib:jvmhook
Picked up _JAVA_OPTIONS: -Xrunjvmhook -Xbootclasspath/a:C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\
bin\JAVA_S~1\classes;C:\PROGRA~2\HP\QUICKT~1\bin\JAVA_S~1\classes\jasmine.jar
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool getSharedSele
ctor
INFO: Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:09 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:10 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext postWorkDirecto
ry
WARNING: Failed to create work directory [C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre\
C\temp\work\Tomcat\localhost\App] for context [/App]
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:10 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig getDefaultWebX
mlFragment
INFO: No global web.xml found
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase createSe
cureRandom
INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRN
G] took [187] milliseconds.
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.jasper.EmbeddedServletOptions <init>
SEVERE: The scratchDir you specified: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\jre\C\te
mp\work\Tomcat\localhost\App is unusable.
Mar 02, 2016 8:04:18 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
*** 添加于 2016/03/03 4:30PM（巴西利亚时间 UTC-03:00）
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,
ServletException, LifecycleException {
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
String strBaseDIr = "C:\temp\"; // Files.createTempDirectory("tomcat-basedir").toString();
tomcat.setBaseDir(strBaseDIr);
// Option 1 - default-doc-base - doesn't work even in Eclipse
// String strWebApp =
// Files.createTempDirectory("default-doc-base").toString();
// strWebApp is C:\Users\myUser\AppData\Local\Temp
// tomcat.addWebapp("", strWebApp);
// Option 2 - it works in Eclipse but "HTTP Status 404 - /upload" when
// started from java -jar
// tomcat.addWebapp("",
// "C:\STS\wsRestTemplate\AuthFileUpload\target\classes");
// Option 3 - passing empty path as you wrote
// "... the trick is to pass an empty folder ..."
// same issue - "HTTP Status 404 - /upload" when started from java -jar
// tomcat.addWebapp("", "");
// Option 4 - the executable jar was placed in C:\Temp
// same issue - "HTTP Status 404 - /upload" when started from java -jar
tomcat.addWebapp("/", "C:\temp\myApp.jar");
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
应用-servlet.xml
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mycompany.myapp.batchs.AuthFileUpload" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />
文档基本路径必须解析为一个文件夹，在您的情况下设置为当前 运行 jar。
鉴于您是 运行 一个 jar，并且 API 不接受 null 文档库，技巧是传递一个空文件夹（因此无法从它):
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(8080);
tomcat.setBaseDir(Files.createTempDirectory("tomcat-basedir").toString());
tomcat.addWebapp("/", Files.createTempDirectory("yourwebapp-doc-base").toString());
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}
你可以看here一个更复杂的例子，允许运行越过jar/war或源文件夹，启动后自动打开浏览器。