如何将列中的变量放入多个列中

Question

所以我有这个数据集，我一直在为其他人清理这个数据集，但他们希望根据观察类型将特定列分成几列。例如，这是一列诊断，她希望扩展此列，使其成为一个诊断的一列，另一个诊断不同的列。因此，我的抑郁症、多动症、哮喘、癌症等专栏将扩展到一个名为抑郁症的专栏，一个名为多动症等的专栏。

我很确定这违反了整理数据的原则，但我为之做这件事的人坚持认为这就是他们想要的方式。所以我尝试查看 tidyr 和 dplyr 包，但到目前为止我运气不好，可以使用一些建议。

提前感谢您的帮助

   Order Diagnosis

1   1   Synaesthesia
2   1   Synaesthesia
3   1   Synaesthesia
4   1   Synaesthesia
5   1   Synaesthesia
6   1   Synaesthesia
7   1   ADHD
8   1   ADHD
9   1   ADHD
10  1   ADHD
11  1   ADHD
12  1   ADHD
13  1   ADHD
14  1   ADHD
15  1   ADHD
16  1   ADHD
17  1   ADHD
18  1   ADHD
19  1   ADHD
20  1   ADHD
21  1   ADHD
22  1   ADHD
23  1   ADHD
24  1   ADHD
25  1   ADHD
26  1   ADHD
27  1   ADHD
28  1   ADHD
29  1   ADHD
30  1   ADHD
31  1   ADHD
32  1   ADHD
33  1   ADHD
34  1   ADHD
35  1   ADHD
36  1   ADHD
37  1   ADHD

Answer 1

尚不完全清楚您的预期结果是什么，但一种解释是您希望重新编码数据，例如通过使用虚拟编码。

一个简单的方法是使用 model.matrix()。试试这个：

model.matrix(~ Diagnosis - 1, dat)

   DiagnosisADHD DiagnosisSynaesthesia
1              0                     1
2              0                     1
3              0                     1
4              0                     1
5              0                     1
6              0                     1
7              1                     0
8              1                     0
9              1                     0
10             1                     0
...

Answer 2

您可以拆分您的 "vector"（或您的情况下的列），用 NA 填充它并将其绑定到一个完全承诺的 data.frame 或矩阵中。

x <- sample(LETTERS[1:5], size = 100, replace = TRUE)
sx <- split(x, x)

ml <- max(unlist(lapply(sx, length)))

# pad the data with NAs
do.call("cbind", lapply(sx, FUN = function(m) c(m, rep(NA, ml - length(m)))))

      A   B   C   D   E  
 [1,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [2,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [3,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [4,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [5,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [6,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [7,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [8,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
 [9,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
[10,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
[11,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
[12,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
[13,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
[14,] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E"
[15,] NA  "B" "C" "D" "E"
[16,] NA  "B" "C" "D" "E"
[17,] NA  "B" "C" "D" "E"
[18,] NA  "B" "C" "D" "E"
[19,] NA  "B" "C" "D" "E"
[20,] NA  "B" "C" "D" "E"
[21,] NA  "B" "C" "D" NA 
[22,] NA  NA  "C" "D" NA 
[23,] NA  NA  NA  "D" NA

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