Pivot SQL table 与动态年份列

Question

我无法弄清楚这一点。我检查过类似的帖子，但它们只有一列作为一行旋转。虽然我需要调整

我有以下查询：

SELECT  
      Year([Date]) as Year
      ,SUM([Drop]) as [Drop]
      ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed]
      ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as 'Per Cap'
  FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
  group by [Date]

哪个给我这个结果：

Year    Drop    TicketsDistributed  TicketsSold GrossTickets    Per Cap
2016    222          100                 5000     4000.00       0.800000
2015    222          110                 5000     4000.00       0.900000
2014    222          120                 5000     4000.00       1.00000

我想要以下内容：

                       2016   2015   2014   
Drop                   222    222    222    
TicketsDistributed     100    110    120    
TicketsSold            5000   5000   5000     
GrossTickets           4000   4000   4000
Per Cap                0.8     0.9   1

根据建议的答案，这是我目前的答案，但它不起作用

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Year(Date)) 
                    from [dbo].[SpringTrainings] t
                    cross apply
                    (
                        select    SUM([Drop]) as [Drop]
      ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed]
      ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap
  FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings]
                    ) c ([Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap)
                    group by Year(Date)
                    order by Year(Date)
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')




set @query = 'SELECT [Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap,' + @cols + ' 
            from 
            (
                select SUM([Drop]) as [Drop]
      ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed]
      ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap
        FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings]

            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max(Year([Date]))
                for Year([Date]) in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p '

execute sp_executesql @query;

Answer 1

如果您希望在 T-SQL 中继续使用数据透视运算符，那么您首先需要 "unpivot" 现有查询，以便获得年份、标签和值。虽然 T-SQL 中有一个 unpivot 运算符，但我个人发现使用 CROSS APPLY 和 VALUES 更简单并且同样快（更多关于他的方法 read this article by Brad Schultz），我特别喜欢它因为我可以通过布置值对的方式轻松地将结果可视化。

SELECT
      d.Year
    , a.label
    , a.value
FROM (
      SELECT
            YEAR([Date]) AS [Year]
          , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop]
          , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed]
          , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold]
          , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets]
          , SUM([GrossTickets]) / SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap]
      FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
      GROUP BY
            [Year]
      ) AS t
      CROSS APPLY ( /* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */
          VALUES
                 ('Drop',t.Drop)
               , ('TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed)
               , ('TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold)
               , ('GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets)
               , ('PerCap',t.PerCap)
      ) AS a (label, value)

该查询（以上）替换了动态 SQL 中派生的 table x。一旦数据被处理成那种形式，枢轴看起来就简单多了：

       ) x
        pivot 
        (
            max([x.Value])
            for [x.Year] in ([2014],[2015],[2016])
        ) p

对于你的@cols，我会建议像这样简单的东西：

SELECT DISTINCT
    QUOTENAME(Year([date])) 
FROM [dbo].[Tickets]

提示：如果您需要一种对行进行排序的方法，请将其也包括在交叉应用中，如下所示：

      CROSS APPLY ( /* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */
          VALUES
                 (1, 'Drop',t.Drop)
               , (2, 'TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed)
               , (3, 'TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold)
               , (4, 'GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets)
               , (5, 'PerCap',t.PerCap)
      ) AS a (row_order, label, value)

然后那个[row_order]可以在执行pivot后使用

所以整体看起来像这样：

DECLARE @cols AS nvarchar(max)
      , @query AS nvarchar(max)

SELECT @cols = STUFF((
            SELECT DISTINCT
                  ',' + QUOTENAME(YEAR([date]))
            FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
            FOR xml PATH (''), TYPE
      )
      .value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
      , 1, 1, '')


SET @query = 'SELECT [Year], [Label], '
            + @cols 
            + ' FROM (
                  SELECT
                        d.Year
                      , a.label
                      , a.value
                  FROM (
                        SELECT
                              YEAR([Date]) AS [Year]
                            , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop]
                            , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed]
                            , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold]
                            , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets]
                            , SUM([GrossTickets]) / SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap]
                        FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
                        GROUP BY
                              [Year]
                  ) AS d
                        CROSS APPLY (
                                  VALUES
                                         (1,''Drop'',t.Drop)
                                       , (2,''TicketsDistributed'',t.TicketsDistributed)
                                       , (3,''TicketsSold'',t.TicketsSold)
                                       , (4,''GrossTickets'',t.GrossTickets)
                                       , (5,''PerCap'',t.PerCap)
                        ) AS a (row_order,label,value)
                ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max([x.Value])
                for [x.Year] in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p
            ORDER BY [row_order]'

EXECUTE sp_executesql @query;

Pivot SQL table 与动态年份列

Pivot SQL table with dynamic year columns

sql

sql-server

pivot