为 gem 设置 RVM 以便将来安装正确的权限并正确添加 PATH
Setting up RVM for gem installs in future for correct permissions and adding PATH correctly
我在网上搜索了答案。我觉得我没有按照正确的方式做事，只想以正确的方式设置我的 rvm 环境。这一切都源于我不得不使用 sudo gem install sass 安装 SASS 而我不想这样做。
现在当我 gem install sass 我得到：
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.
我采取的步骤：
sudo chown -R dhruv: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
brew install gnupg gnupg2
gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.rvm
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.gem
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
请注意 which rvm 没有 return 任何东西，即使 运行 上面的 curl 命令给了我：
Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/
RVM PATH line found in /Users/dhruv/.mkshrc /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bashrc /Users/dhruv/.zshrc.
RVM sourcing line found in /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bash_profile /Users/dhruv/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/ is complete.
# dhruvghulati,
#
# Thank you for using RVM!
# We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.
我想让事情达到无需 sudo 即可轻松安装 gems 的状态。我该怎么做？
此外，如何防止我在 rvm 中看到的这些 PATH 错误？
我也很担心我做的时候sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0，网上好像说这是一个可怕的邪恶，我必须要退回去？我可以将其还原为 chmod 归原用户所有吗？
这是 rvm info 的输出：
Warning! PATH is not properly set up, '/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin' is not at first place,
usually this is caused by shell initialization files - check them for 'PATH=...' entries,
it might also help to re-add RVM to your dotfiles: 'rvm get stable --auto-dotfiles',
to fix temporarily in this shell session run: 'rvm use ruby-2.2.1'.
ruby-2.2.1:
system:
uname: "Darwin Dhruvs-MacBook-Pro-2.local 14.5.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.5.0: Tue Sep 1 21:23:09 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2782.50.1~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64"
system: "osx/10.10/x86_64"
bash: "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin14)"
zsh: "/bin/zsh => zsh 5.0.5 (x86_64-apple-darwin14.0)"
rvm:
version: "rvm 1.26.11 (latest) by Wayne E. Seguin <wayneeseguin@gmail.com>, Michal Papis <mpapis@gmail.com> [https://rvm.io/]"
updated: "1 day 8 minutes 30 seconds ago"
path: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm"
ruby:
interpreter: "ruby"
version: "2.2.1p85"
date: "2015-02-26"
platform: "x86_64-darwin14"
patchlevel: "2015-02-26 revision 49769"
full_version: "ruby 2.2.1p85 (2015-02-26 revision 49769) [x86_64-darwin14]"
homes:
gem: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
ruby: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"
binaries:
ruby: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby"
irb: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/irb"
gem: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/gem"
rake: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/rake"
environment:
PATH: "/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"
GEM_HOME: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
GEM_PATH: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global"
MY_RUBY_HOME: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"
IRBRC: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/.irbrc"
RUBYOPT: ""
gemset: ""
命令 gem install --user-install sass 给我：
WARNING: You don't have /Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.2.0/bin in your PATH,
gem executables will not run.
Successfully installed sass-3.4.21
Parsing documentation for sass-3.4.21
Done installing documentation for sass after 4 seconds
1 gem installed
.bash_profile:
export PATH=$PATH:~/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M -Duser.timezone=GMT"
export PATH=$PATH:~/scripts
source ~/.profile
source ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/lib
# added by Anaconda3 2.3.0 installer
export PATH="/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:$PATH"
export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
.bashrc:
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
.个人资料：
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
您可以使用此命令在您的本地用户目录中安装：
gem install --user-install <gemname>
将 gem install 设为 gem install --user-install 的别名以避免将来必须输入。
此外，请尝试 运行 rvm gemdir 查找将安装 gems 的位置。
如果不出意外，请尝试 运行 rvm reinstall。
首先，停止使用--user-install。 RVM 不需要它，因为这是它的主要目的之一，将 gems 和 Ruby 保存在您的主目录中。
您的路径构建不当：
"/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"
分解为：
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib
您需要首先在路径中安装 RVM，但您正在妨碍它。
它应该看起来像：
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
我将 ~/.bash_profile 重写为：
source ~/.bashrc
export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M -Duser.timezone=GMT"
export PATH=~/scripts:~/anaconda/bin:$PATH
# RVM needs to initialize last so it can adjust the path correctly...
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
我将 ~/.bashrc 重写为：
# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
我将 ~/.profile 重写为：
# export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
这应该会清理你的路径，并且可能会让 RVM 更好地解决问题。
您可能需要进行小调整，但要保持简单。
我建议阅读有关 shell 如何使用 PATH 查找内容以及如何定义 PATH 的内容。此外，最好阅读有关使用 ~/.bashrc、~/.profile 和 ~/.bash_profile 的内容，尤其是在 Mac OS 上。 man bash 在命令行中说：
When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if
that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one
that exists and is readable. The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
[...]
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. This may be inhibited by using the
--norc option. The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.
当您使用默认安装方式安装 RVM 时，它将创建具有正确权限的 ~/.rvm 目录。之后您无需执行任何操作即可让 RVM 和 Ruby 将 gems 存储在该目录中。脚本将能够找到您安装的 gem，而无需您使用 gem install 做任何特殊的事情。如果它变得奇怪或困难，那就是错误的。
我在网上搜索了答案。我觉得我没有按照正确的方式做事，只想以正确的方式设置我的 rvm 环境。这一切都源于我不得不使用 sudo gem install sass 安装 SASS 而我不想这样做。
现在当我 gem install sass 我得到：
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.
我采取的步骤：
sudo chown -R dhruv: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
brew install gnupg gnupg2
gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.rvm
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.gem
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
请注意 which rvm 没有 return 任何东西，即使 运行 上面的 curl 命令给了我：
Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/
RVM PATH line found in /Users/dhruv/.mkshrc /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bashrc /Users/dhruv/.zshrc.
RVM sourcing line found in /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bash_profile /Users/dhruv/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/ is complete.
# dhruvghulati,
#
# Thank you for using RVM!
# We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.
我想让事情达到无需 sudo 即可轻松安装 gems 的状态。我该怎么做？
此外，如何防止我在 rvm 中看到的这些 PATH 错误？
我也很担心我做的时候sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0，网上好像说这是一个可怕的邪恶，我必须要退回去？我可以将其还原为 chmod 归原用户所有吗？
这是 rvm info 的输出：
Warning! PATH is not properly set up, '/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin' is not at first place,
usually this is caused by shell initialization files - check them for 'PATH=...' entries,
it might also help to re-add RVM to your dotfiles: 'rvm get stable --auto-dotfiles',
to fix temporarily in this shell session run: 'rvm use ruby-2.2.1'.
ruby-2.2.1:
system:
uname: "Darwin Dhruvs-MacBook-Pro-2.local 14.5.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.5.0: Tue Sep 1 21:23:09 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2782.50.1~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64"
system: "osx/10.10/x86_64"
bash: "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin14)"
zsh: "/bin/zsh => zsh 5.0.5 (x86_64-apple-darwin14.0)"
rvm:
version: "rvm 1.26.11 (latest) by Wayne E. Seguin <wayneeseguin@gmail.com>, Michal Papis <mpapis@gmail.com> [https://rvm.io/]"
updated: "1 day 8 minutes 30 seconds ago"
path: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm"
ruby:
interpreter: "ruby"
version: "2.2.1p85"
date: "2015-02-26"
platform: "x86_64-darwin14"
patchlevel: "2015-02-26 revision 49769"
full_version: "ruby 2.2.1p85 (2015-02-26 revision 49769) [x86_64-darwin14]"
homes:
gem: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
ruby: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"
binaries:
ruby: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby"
irb: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/irb"
gem: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/gem"
rake: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/rake"
environment:
PATH: "/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"
GEM_HOME: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
GEM_PATH: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global"
MY_RUBY_HOME: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"
IRBRC: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/.irbrc"
RUBYOPT: ""
gemset: ""
命令 gem install --user-install sass 给我：
WARNING: You don't have /Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.2.0/bin in your PATH,
gem executables will not run.
Successfully installed sass-3.4.21
Parsing documentation for sass-3.4.21
Done installing documentation for sass after 4 seconds
1 gem installed
.bash_profile:
export PATH=$PATH:~/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M -Duser.timezone=GMT"
export PATH=$PATH:~/scripts
source ~/.profile
source ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/lib
# added by Anaconda3 2.3.0 installer
export PATH="/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:$PATH"
export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
.bashrc:
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
.个人资料：
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
您可以使用此命令在您的本地用户目录中安装：
gem install --user-install <gemname>
将 gem install 设为 gem install --user-install 的别名以避免将来必须输入。
此外，请尝试 运行 rvm gemdir 查找将安装 gems 的位置。
如果不出意外，请尝试 运行 rvm reinstall。
首先，停止使用--user-install。 RVM 不需要它，因为这是它的主要目的之一，将 gems 和 Ruby 保存在您的主目录中。
您的路径构建不当：
"/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"
分解为：
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib
您需要首先在路径中安装 RVM，但您正在妨碍它。
它应该看起来像：
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
我将 ~/.bash_profile 重写为：
source ~/.bashrc
export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M -Duser.timezone=GMT"
export PATH=~/scripts:~/anaconda/bin:$PATH
# RVM needs to initialize last so it can adjust the path correctly...
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
我将 ~/.bashrc 重写为：
# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
我将 ~/.profile 重写为：
# export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
这应该会清理你的路径，并且可能会让 RVM 更好地解决问题。
您可能需要进行小调整，但要保持简单。
我建议阅读有关 shell 如何使用 PATH 查找内容以及如何定义 PATH 的内容。此外，最好阅读有关使用 ~/.bashrc、~/.profile 和 ~/.bash_profile 的内容，尤其是在 Mac OS 上。 man bash 在命令行中说：
When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
[...]
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. This may be inhibited by using the --norc option. The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.
当您使用默认安装方式安装 RVM 时，它将创建具有正确权限的 ~/.rvm 目录。之后您无需执行任何操作即可让 RVM 和 Ruby 将 gems 存储在该目录中。脚本将能够找到您安装的 gem，而无需您使用 gem install 做任何特殊的事情。如果它变得奇怪或困难，那就是错误的。