在模板中定义模板化友元函数 class

Defining a templated friend function inside a template class

为什么下面的代码会产生编译器错误no template named make_static_vector?

template<class Tuple>
class vector;

template<typename T, std::size_t N>
using static_vector = vector<std::array<T, N>>;

template<class Tuple>
class vector
{
private:
    using value_type = std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<Tuple&>().operator[](0))>;

    template<typename T, typename... Elements>
    friend static_vector<T, sizeof...(Elements)> make_static_vector(Elements&&... elements) {
        return { std::forward<Elements>(elements)... };
    }

    template<typename... Elements>
    vector(Elements&&... elements)
        : m_elements{ static_cast<value_type>(std::forward<Elements>(elements))... }
    { }

    Tuple m_elements;
};

int main()
{
    make_static_vector<double>(1, 1);   
    return 0;
}

我创建了一个 live demo of the code。当我将 make_static_vector 的定义移到 class 之外并仅在 class.

中保留声明部分时,它正在工作

为什么不能直接在 class 中定义函数?

声明模板函数的唯一地方是在 class;它不在封闭命名空间中 "visible",因此不可用于正常查找,仅可用于参数相关查找。

您需要在 class 之外声明(并定义)它才能找到该函数,并将其声明为友元函数(如您所述)。

来自cppreference

A name first declared in a friend declaration within class or class template X becomes a member of the innermost enclosing namespace of X, but is not accessible for lookup (except argument-dependent lookup that considers X) unless a matching declaration at the namespace scope is provided...