使用 MSXML2.XMLHTTP 而不是 InternetExplorer.Application 和 VBA 登录网站

Question

第一次发帖，

我正在尝试从我必须登录的网站页面获取 ID "dadosDoUsuario"。我使用 "InternetExplorer.Application" 对象使其工作，但无法获取 ID 值使用 "MSXML2.XMLHTTP" 对象。它似乎不会越过登录页面，因为我能够从此页面获取其他 ID（例如："tituloPagina"）。有人可以提示我登录后如何从页面获取数据吗？谢谢！

InternetExplorer.Application 代码（这个有效）：

Sub testIE()
Dim texto As String

Set ie = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
my_url = "https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/login.aspx"
With ie
    .Visible = False
    .Navigate my_url

Do Until Not ie.Busy And ie.readyState = 4
    DoEvents
Loop

End With

ie.Document.getelementbyid("userName").Value = "MYUSERNAME"
ie.Document.getelementbyid("Password").Value = "MYPASSWORD"
ie.Document.getelementbyid("Login").Click

Do Until Not ie.Busy And ie.readyState = 4
    DoEvents
Loop

ie.Document.getelementbyid("btnConsultarNFSemestre").Click

Do Until Not ie.Busy And ie.readyState = 4
    DoEvents
Loop

texto = ie.Document.getelementbyid("dadosDoUsuario").innerText
MsgBox texto

ie.Quit

End Sub

MSXML2.XMLHTTP 代码（这个不行）：

Sub testXMLHTTP()
Dim xml As Object
Dim html As Object
Dim dados As Object
Dim text As Object

Set xml = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")

Set html = CreateObject("htmlFile")

With xml
  .Open "POST", "https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/Login.aspx", False
  .setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "text/xml"
  .send "userName=MYUSERNAME&password=MYPASSWORD"
  .Open "GET", "https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/Inicio.aspx", False
  .setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "text/xml"
  .send
End With

html.body.innerhtml = xml.responseText

Set objResult = html.GetElementById("dadosDoUsuario")
GetElementById = objResult.innertext

MsgBox GetElementById

End Sub

编辑：我按照@Florent B. 建议的步骤进行操作，并添加了一个 scripcontrol 来获取 __VIEWSTATE、__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR 和 __EVENTVALIDATION 的编码值。成功了！

Sub testXMLHTTP()
Dim xml As Object
Dim html As HTMLDocument
Dim dados As Object
Dim text As Object
Dim html2 As HTMLDocument
Dim xml2 As Object

Set xml = CreateObject("Msxml2.ServerXMLHTTP.6.0")
Set html = CreateObject("htmlFile")


With xml
  .Open "GET", "https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/Login.aspx", False
  .send
End With

strCookie = xml.getResponseHeader("Set-Cookie")

html.body.innerhtml = xml.responseText

Set objvstate = html.GetElementById("__VIEWSTATE")
Set objvstategen = html.GetElementById("__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR")
Set objeventval = html.GetElementById("__EVENTVALIDATION")

vstate = objvstate.Value
vstategen = objvstategen.Value
eventval = objeventval.Value

'URL Encode ViewState
    Dim ScriptEngine As ScriptControl
    Set ScriptEngine = New ScriptControl
    ScriptEngine.Language = "JScript"
    ScriptEngine.AddCode "function encode(vstate) {return encodeURIComponent(vstate);}"
    Dim encoded As String
    encoded = ScriptEngine.Run("encode", vstate)
    vstate = encoded
'URL Encode Event Validation
    ScriptEngine.AddCode "function encode(eventval) {return encodeURIComponent(eventval);}"
    encoded = ScriptEngine.Run("encode", eventval)
    eventval = encoded
'URL Encode ViewState Generator
    ScriptEngine.AddCode "function encode(vstategen) {return encodeURIComponent(vstategen);}"
    encoded = ScriptEngine.Run("encode", vstategen)
    vstategen = encoded

Postdata = "__EVENTTARGET=" & "&__EVENTARGUMENT=" & "&__VIEWSTATE=" & vstate & "&__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR=" & vstategen & "&__EVENTVALIDATION=" & eventval & "&ctl00$ddlTipoUsuario=#rdBtnNaoContribuinte" & "&ctl00$UserNameAcessivel=Digite+o+Usuário" & "&ctl00$PasswordAcessivel=x" & "&ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$rblTipo=rdBtnNaoContribuinte" & "&ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$UserName=MYUSERNAME" & "&ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$Password=MYPASSWORD" & "&ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$Login=Acessar" & "&ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$txtCpfCnpj=Digite+o+Usuário"

Set xml2 = CreateObject("Msxml2.ServerXMLHTTP.6.0")
Set html2 = CreateObject("htmlFile")

With xml2
  .Open "POST", "https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/Login.aspx", False
  .setRequestHeader "Cookie", strCookie
  .setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
  .setRequestHeader "Content-Lenght", Len(Postdata)
  .send (Postdata)
End With

html2.body.innerhtml = xml2.responseText

Set objResult = html2.GetElementById("dadosDoUsuario")
GetElementById = objResult.innertext

MsgBox GetElementById


End Sub

Answer 1

有可能，但没那么容易。

首先你需要使用 CreateObject("Msxml2.ServerXMLHTTP.6.0") 而不是 CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")。

然后按照以下步骤操作：

打开并发送 GET 到 https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/login.aspx
从响应中解析并存储 cookie header "Set-Cookie"
从 HTML 响应

使用之前解析的值和您的 user-name/password 构建下一个查询的数据：

__EVENTTARGET:""
__EVENTARGUMENT:""
__VIEWSTATE:"..."
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR:"..."
__EVENTVALIDATION:"..."
ctl00$ddlTipoUsuario:"#rdBtnNaoContribuinte"
ctl00$UserNameAcessivel:"Digite+o+Usuário"
ctl00$PasswordAcessivel:"x"
ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$rblTipo:"rdBtnNaoContribuinte"
ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$UserName:"..."
ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$Password:"..."
ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$Login:"Acessar"
ctl00$ConteudoPagina$Login1$txtCpfCnpj:"Digite+o+Usuário"

开个POST到https://www.nfp.fazenda.sp.gov.br/login.aspx
将 header "Cookie" 设置为第 2 步解析的 cookie
设置 header Content-Type: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
设置headerContent-Length与数据的长度
发送 POST 和第 4 步中的数据

使用 MSXML2.XMLHTTP 而不是 InternetExplorer.Application 和 VBA 登录网站

Login into website using MSXML2.XMLHTTP instead of InternetExplorer.Application with VBA

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