使用 R 将 Web 要素服务地理标记语言数据转换为形状
Converting Web Feature Service Geographical Markup Language data into a shape with R
我正在尝试使用 R 将 XML/GML 中的 Web 要素服务图层转换为 shapefile，但我还不太了解，希望能提供任何帮助。
这是我到目前为止使用 XML 库的工作流程示例（仅从此连接输出其中一层）
library(XML)
library(RCurl)
site <- 'http://sdi.fish.govt.nz/sdi/mapserver.wfs?SERVICE=WFS&REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=Annual%20distribution%20of%20Albacore%20tuna&VERSION=1.1.0'
albacore <- getURL(site)
albacore_t <- xmlTreeParse(albacore, asText = TRUE)
xmlRoot(albacore_t)
#<?xml version="1.0"?>
#<wfs:FeatureCollection xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:fish="http://www.fish.govt.nz/fish" xmlns:gmlsf="http://www.opengis.net/gmlsf" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:d1p1="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" d1p1:schemaLocation="http://www.fish.govt.nz/fish http://sdi.fish.govt.nz/sdi/mapserver.wfs?SERVICE=WFS&REQUEST=DescribeFeatureType&TYPENAME=Annual distribution of Albacore tuna&VERSION=1.1.0; http://www.opengis.net/wfs http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.1.0/wfs.xsd">
#<gml:featureMember>
#<fish:FD0005_2 gml:id="ID00000">
#<fish:FeatureKey>3986</fish:FeatureKey>
#<fish:LayerKey>6</fish:LayerKey>
#<fish:FeatureGuid>41eb2b37-9e56-4cfa-8a95-7f32f1196de1</fish:FeatureGuid>
#<fish:FeatureType>NOTEXIST</fish:FeatureType>
#<fish:SpeciesCode>ALB</fish:SpeciesCode>
#<fish:GeneralisationYn>Y</fish:GeneralisationYn>
#<fish:Metadata><p1:FD0005_2 xmlns:p1="http://www.safe.com/gml/fme" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" gml:id="id41eb2b37-9e56-4cfa-8a95-7f32f1196de1"><p1:MFish_ID>1</p1:MFish_ID><p1:Layer_ID>FD0005_1</p1:Layer_ID><p1:Basket_title>Fish distribution</p1:Basket_title><p1:Species_common_name>Albacore Tuna</p1:Species_common_name><p1:Species_scientific_name>Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre, 1788)</p1:Species_scientific_name><p1:Species_code>ALB</p1:Species_code><p1:Species_maori_name>Unknown</p1:Species_maori_name><p1:Species_group>Albacore Tuna</p1:Species_group><p1:Distribution_class>Not Exist - The species is known not to exist</p1:Distribution_class><p1:Temporal_extent>Annual</p1:Temporal_extent><p1:Object_security>None</p1:Object_security><p1:Object_name /><p1:Object_area>3261385 km2</p1:Object_area><p1:Distribution_class_area>3261385 km2</p1:Distribution_class_area><p1:Positional_accuracy>100 km</p1:Positional_accuracy><p1:Accuracy_explanation>The mapped object is a scientific interpretation of data and is considered accurate to ± 15%</p1:Accuracy_explanation><p1:Habitat_type>Pelagic</p1:Habitat_type><p1:Species_depth_minimum>0 m</p1:Species_depth_minimum><p1:Species_depth_maximum>380 m</p1:Species_depth_maximum><p1:Management>Ministry of Fisheries</p1:Management><p1:Scientific_contact>General Manager, Biodiversity, Biosecurity and Information Systems, NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington. 04 386 0300</p1:Scientific_contact><p1:Object_references /><p1:Endangered_status>Not listed</p1:Endangered_status><p1:Keywords>Not exist</p1:Keywords><p1:Alert>N</p1:Alert><p1:Alert_warning>None</p1:Alert_warning></p1:FD0005_2></fish:Metadata>
#<fish:LayerTitle>Annual distribution of Albacore tuna NOTEXIST</fish:LayerTitle>
#<fish:LayerGroup>FD3776</fish:LayerGroup>
#<fish:LayerName>FD0005_2</fish:LayerName>
#<fish:LayerzOrder>300002</fish:LayerzOrder>
#<fish:FishGeometry>
# <gml:Polygon xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
# <gml:exterior>
# <gml:LinearRing>
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-44.18977 158.961475 -44.192529 159.004451 -44.2001 159.047477 -44.20528 159.090503 -44.210459 159.136847 -44.215668 159.179823 -44.223237 159.229434 -44.230866 159.279046 -44.238493 159.325289 -44.248478 159.374901 -44.256103 159.424463 -44.266117 159.470756 -44.273709 159.517001 -44.283687 159.566562 -44.293696 159.589684 -44.298684 159.616124 -44.303702 159.639246 -44.308689 159.662368 -44.313675 159.685491 -44.318662 159.708563 -44.326034 159.761441 -44.336065 159.811003 -44.346064 159.860565 -44.356061 159.903442 -44.36838 159.946368 -44.378311 159.985978 -44.388212 160.025539 -44.400493 160.06183 -44.410358 160.10144 -44.420253 160.137732 -44.430115 160.174025 -44.439976 160.206999 -44.449805 160.239974 -44.459631 160.276316 -44.467107 160.312609 -44.476962 160.3489 -44.486814 160.385193 -44.496666 160.418217 -44.504106 160.451242 -44.511546 160.484217 -44.521362 160.520509 -44.531207 160.553533 -44.538643 160.589826 -44.548486 160.62285 -44.55592 160.659143 -44.565759 160.692117 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#</gml:LinearRing>
#</gml:exterior>
#</gml:Polygon>
#</fish:FishGeometry>
#</fish:FD0005_2>
#</gml:featureMember>
#<gml:featureMember>
我现在想将此输出转换为形状，我想我应该使用具有 GML 驱动程序的 ogr2ogr，甚至可能绕过上面的 XML。非常感谢任何帮助
library(rgdal)
library(gdalUtils)
ogr2ogr()
readOGR()
我认为你很接近...获取 GML 后，我不得不清理前几个 non-standard 个字符：
gml = substr(albacore,4,nchar(albacore))
从那里，将其作为 GML 文件写入磁盘（可能有一个花哨的技巧 textConnection 或类似的东西来避免写入）：
write(gml, "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml", sep="")
然后，从文件中读取一层：
data = readOGR("/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml", "FD0002_2")
>>> OGR data source with driver: GML
>>> Source: "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml", layer: "FD0002_2"
>>> with 1 features
>>> It has 12 fields
并写入输出 shapefile：
writeOGR(data, "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.shp", "FD0002_2", driver="ESRI Shapefile")
>>> Warning message:
>>> In writeOGR(data, "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.shp", "FD0002_2", :
>>> Field names abbreviated for ESRI Shapefile driver
您可以使用以下方法查找图层名称：
ogrListLayers("/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml")
我正在尝试使用 R 将 XML/GML 中的 Web 要素服务图层转换为 shapefile，但我还不太了解，希望能提供任何帮助。
这是我到目前为止使用 XML 库的工作流程示例（仅从此连接输出其中一层）
library(XML)
library(RCurl)
site <- 'http://sdi.fish.govt.nz/sdi/mapserver.wfs?SERVICE=WFS&REQUEST=GetFeature&TYPENAME=Annual%20distribution%20of%20Albacore%20tuna&VERSION=1.1.0'
albacore <- getURL(site)
albacore_t <- xmlTreeParse(albacore, asText = TRUE)
xmlRoot(albacore_t)
#<?xml version="1.0"?>
#<wfs:FeatureCollection xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:fish="http://www.fish.govt.nz/fish" xmlns:gmlsf="http://www.opengis.net/gmlsf" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:d1p1="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" d1p1:schemaLocation="http://www.fish.govt.nz/fish http://sdi.fish.govt.nz/sdi/mapserver.wfs?SERVICE=WFS&REQUEST=DescribeFeatureType&TYPENAME=Annual distribution of Albacore tuna&VERSION=1.1.0; http://www.opengis.net/wfs http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.1.0/wfs.xsd">
#<gml:featureMember>
#<fish:FD0005_2 gml:id="ID00000">
#<fish:FeatureKey>3986</fish:FeatureKey>
#<fish:LayerKey>6</fish:LayerKey>
#<fish:FeatureGuid>41eb2b37-9e56-4cfa-8a95-7f32f1196de1</fish:FeatureGuid>
#<fish:FeatureType>NOTEXIST</fish:FeatureType>
#<fish:SpeciesCode>ALB</fish:SpeciesCode>
#<fish:GeneralisationYn>Y</fish:GeneralisationYn>
#<fish:Metadata><p1:FD0005_2 xmlns:p1="http://www.safe.com/gml/fme" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" gml:id="id41eb2b37-9e56-4cfa-8a95-7f32f1196de1"><p1:MFish_ID>1</p1:MFish_ID><p1:Layer_ID>FD0005_1</p1:Layer_ID><p1:Basket_title>Fish distribution</p1:Basket_title><p1:Species_common_name>Albacore Tuna</p1:Species_common_name><p1:Species_scientific_name>Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre, 1788)</p1:Species_scientific_name><p1:Species_code>ALB</p1:Species_code><p1:Species_maori_name>Unknown</p1:Species_maori_name><p1:Species_group>Albacore Tuna</p1:Species_group><p1:Distribution_class>Not Exist - The species is known not to exist</p1:Distribution_class><p1:Temporal_extent>Annual</p1:Temporal_extent><p1:Object_security>None</p1:Object_security><p1:Object_name /><p1:Object_area>3261385 km2</p1:Object_area><p1:Distribution_class_area>3261385 km2</p1:Distribution_class_area><p1:Positional_accuracy>100 km</p1:Positional_accuracy><p1:Accuracy_explanation>The mapped object is a scientific interpretation of data and is considered accurate to ± 15%</p1:Accuracy_explanation><p1:Habitat_type>Pelagic</p1:Habitat_type><p1:Species_depth_minimum>0 m</p1:Species_depth_minimum><p1:Species_depth_maximum>380 m</p1:Species_depth_maximum><p1:Management>Ministry of Fisheries</p1:Management><p1:Scientific_contact>General Manager, Biodiversity, Biosecurity and Information Systems, NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington. 04 386 0300</p1:Scientific_contact><p1:Object_references /><p1:Endangered_status>Not listed</p1:Endangered_status><p1:Keywords>Not exist</p1:Keywords><p1:Alert>N</p1:Alert><p1:Alert_warning>None</p1:Alert_warning></p1:FD0005_2></fish:Metadata>
#<fish:LayerTitle>Annual distribution of Albacore tuna NOTEXIST</fish:LayerTitle>
#<fish:LayerGroup>FD3776</fish:LayerGroup>
#<fish:LayerName>FD0005_2</fish:LayerName>
#<fish:LayerzOrder>300002</fish:LayerzOrder>
#<fish:FishGeometry>
# <gml:Polygon xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">
# <gml:exterior>
# <gml:LinearRing>
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#</gml:LinearRing>
#</gml:exterior>
#</gml:Polygon>
#</fish:FishGeometry>
#</fish:FD0005_2>
#</gml:featureMember>
#<gml:featureMember>
我现在想将此输出转换为形状，我想我应该使用具有 GML 驱动程序的 ogr2ogr，甚至可能绕过上面的 XML。非常感谢任何帮助
library(rgdal)
library(gdalUtils)
ogr2ogr()
readOGR()
我认为你很接近...获取 GML 后，我不得不清理前几个 non-standard 个字符：
gml = substr(albacore,4,nchar(albacore))
从那里，将其作为 GML 文件写入磁盘（可能有一个花哨的技巧 textConnection 或类似的东西来避免写入）：
write(gml, "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml", sep="")
然后，从文件中读取一层：
data = readOGR("/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml", "FD0002_2")
>>> OGR data source with driver: GML
>>> Source: "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml", layer: "FD0002_2"
>>> with 1 features
>>> It has 12 fields
并写入输出 shapefile：
writeOGR(data, "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.shp", "FD0002_2", driver="ESRI Shapefile")
>>> Warning message:
>>> In writeOGR(data, "/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.shp", "FD0002_2", :
>>> Field names abbreviated for ESRI Shapefile driver
您可以使用以下方法查找图层名称：
ogrListLayers("/Users/Benjamin/Desktop/test.gml")