VBA 中的范围界定是否被破坏?

Is scoping broken in VBA?

假设您在名为 Module1:

的模块中有此代码
Option Explicit

Private Type TSomething
    Foo As Integer
    Bar As Integer
End Type

Public Something As TSomething

在等效的 C# 代码中,如果您将 Something 字段设置为 public,代码将不再编译,因为 不一致的可访问性 - type 字段比字段本身更难访问。有道理。

但是在 VBA 中,您可以在 Module2 中使用此代码:

Sub DoSomething()
    Module1.Something.Bar = 42
    Debug.Print Module1.Something.Bar
End Sub

你在输入的时候会得到 IntelliSense,然后编译,运行,然后输出 42

为什么?从 COM 的角度来看,它是如何工作的?它是语言规范的一部分吗?

根据我的评论,VBA 公开了一个私有类型,就像它公开了一个私有枚举一样。

VBA 假定您可以在使用上下文中使用 TypeInfo,但它不允许您声明或创建这些类型或枚举的实例。

C++ answer 部分信息:

Access Control is applied to names

The access specifier for the name has nothing to do with it's type

但将标准模块中的私有类型视为类似“PublicNotCreatable”class 的东西可能很有用。如果您提供 public 包装器,则可以在主机模块外部访问该类型。

但是当类型在 Public Class 模块中时,VBA 处理事情的方式不同!

这是你的 Module1 扩展:

Option Explicit

Private Type TSomething
    Foo As Integer
    Bar As Integer
End Type

Public Type TOtherThing
    Foo As Integer
    Bar As Integer
End Type

Public Type TWrapperThing
  Something As TSomething
End Type

Public Something As TSomething
Public Otherthing As TOtherThing
Public Wrapperthing As TWrapperThing

Public Function GetSomething() As TSomething
  GetSomething.Foo = 1
End Function

Public Function GetOtherthing() As TOtherThing
  GetOtherthing.Foo = 1
End Function

并且Module2展开:

Option Explicit

Sub DoThings()

'Compile Error: User-defined type not defined
  'Dim oSomething As TSomething
  Dim vSomething As Variant
  
  Dim oOtherthing As Module1.TOtherThing
  Dim vOtherthing As Variant
  Dim oWrapperthing As Module1.TWrapperThing
  
  Module1.Something.Foo = 42
  Module1.Otherthing.Foo = 42
  Module1.Wrapperthing.Something.Foo = 42

  'Compile Error: Only user-defined types defined in public object modules can be coerced to or from a variant or passed to late-bound functions
  'vSomething = Module1.Something
  'vOtherthing = Module1.Otherthing
  
  oOtherthing = Module1.Otherthing
  oOtherthing.Foo = 43
  
  'Is 43 > 42?
  Debug.Assert oOtherthing.Foo > Module1.Otherthing.Foo
  
'Compile Errors: "GetSomething" User-defined type not defined
  'Module1.GetSomething.Foo = 42
  'Module1.GetSomething().Foo = 42
  
  Module1.GetOtherthing.Foo = 42
  Module1.GetOtherthing().Foo = 42

End Sub