如何修改多行模式？

Question

我在文件中有这样的东西：

....
sth
Q-[N1] your name?
A1-My first name is Joe
A2-My Last name is  Jim
sth
sth
....
....
sth
Q-[N2] your name?
A1-My first name is Jack
A2-My Last name is  JUNE
sth
sth
....

我想在以 Q- 开头的行末尾添加 "last name"。在 Perl 中是否可以做到这一点，sed、awk、grep？转换后的文件如下所示：

....
sth
Q-[N1] your name? **Jim**
A1-My first name is Joe
A2-My Last name is  Jim
sth
sth
....
....
sth
Q-[N2] your name? **JUNE**
A1-My first name is Jack
A2-My Last name is  JUNE
sth
sth
....

Answer 1

此解决方案实际上并不使用多行模式，而只是查找第一行（Q-... your name? 部分）并将接下来的两行加载到模式 space 中。然后它用简单的正则表达式对这个（三行）模式 space 进行一些替换以获得所需的输出。

sed '/^Q-\[N[[:digit:]]*\] your name?/ {
  N
  N
  s/\( your name?\)\(.* Last name is *\)\(.*\)$/ ****/
}' < file

Answer 2

use strict;
use warnings 'all';

our @ARGV = 'name_is_joe.txt';

my $data = do {
    local $/;
    <>; 
};

$data =~ s/^(Q-.+)(\n^A1-.+\n^A2-.+\bis\s+(.+)\n)/ /gm;

print $data

输出

....
sth
Q-[N1] your name? Jim 
A1-My first name is Joe
A2-My Last name is  Jim
sth
sth
....
....
sth
Q-[N2] your name? JUNE 
A1-My first name is Jack
A2-My Last name is  JUNE
sth
sth
....

或者单行

perl -0777 -pe 's/^(Q-.+)(\n^A1-.+\n^A2-.+\bis\s+(.+)\n)/ /gm' myfile

Answer 3

awk 救援！（有 tac）

$ tac file | 
  awk '/My Last name is/{n=$NF} /^Q-/{[=10=]=[=10=] FS "**"n"**"}1' | 
  tac

....
sth
Q-[N1] your name? **Jim**
A1-My first name is Joe
A2-My Last name is  Jim
sth
sth
....
....
sth
Q-[N2] your name? **JUNE**
A1-My first name is Jack
A2-My Last name is  JUNE
sth
sth
....

Answer 4

你可以先把换行符翻译成;，然后用sed搜索替换；最后将 ; 翻译回换行符。请尝试：

cat temp | tr '\n' ';' | sed -r 's/(your\s+name\?)(;A1-[^-]*-My\s+Last\s+name\s+is\s+)(\w+)/ /g' | tr ';' '\n'

输出：

....
sth
Q-[N1] your name? Jim
A1-My first name is Joe
A2-My Last name is  Jim
sth
sth
....
....
sth
Q-[N2] your name? JUNE
A1-My first name is Jack
A2-My Last name is  JUNE
sth
sth
....

如何修改多行模式？

How to modify mutiple lines pattern?

regex

perl

awk

csh

sed

输出