如何在具有自定义 .update() 更新 DRF 可写嵌套序列化程序中的多对多关系时更新实例值

How to update values in instance when have a custom .update() to update many-to-many relations in DRF writable nested serializer

我有三个模型 Player、Team 和 Membership,其中 Player 和 Team 使用 Membership 作为中介模型具有多对多关系。

class Player(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=254)
    rating = models.FloatField(null=True)
    install_ts = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)
    update_ts = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)


class Team(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=254)
    rating = models.FloatField(null=True)
    players = models.ManyToManyField(
            Player,
            through='Membership',
            through_fields=('team', 'player'))
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    install_ts = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)
    update_ts = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)


class Membership(models.Model):
    team = models.ForeignKey('Team')
    player = models.ForeignKey('Player')
    #date_of_joining = models.DateTimeField()
    install_ts = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)
    update_ts = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)

现在我需要使用 django rest 框架更新此成员资格。我尝试通过编写团队序列化程序的自定义 .update() 使用 Writable nested serializers 更新那些。

@transaction.atomic
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
    '''
    Cutomize the update function for the serializer to update the
    related_field values.
    '''

    if 'memberships' in validated_data:
        instance = self._update_membership(instance, validated_data)

        # remove memberships key from validated_data to use update method of
        # base serializer class to update model fields
        validated_data.pop('memberships', None)

    return super(TeamSerializer, self).update(instance, validated_data)


def _update_membership(self, instance, validated_data):
    '''
    Update membership data for a team.
    '''
    memberships = self.initial_data.get('memberships')
    if isinstance(membership, list) and len(memberships) >= 1:
        # make a set of incoming membership
        incoming_player_ids = set()

        try:
            for member in memberships:
                incoming_player_ids.add(member['id'])
        except:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(
                'id is required field in memberships objects.'
            )

        Membership.objects.filter(
            team_id=instance.id
        ).delete()

        # add merchant member mappings
        Membership.objects.bulk_create(
            [
                Membership(
                    team_id=instance.id,
                    player_id=player
                )
                for player in incoming_player_ids
            ]
        )
        return instance
    else:
        raise serializers.ValidationError(
                'memberships is not a list of objects'
            )

现在这对于更新数据库中的成员值 table 非常有效。我面临的唯一问题是我无法更新内存中的预取实例,根据对此 API 的 PATCH 请求更新数据库中的值,但 API 响应显示过时的数据。

对同一资源的下一个 GET 请求将提供更新后的数据。任何在 django 中处理多对多关系并为 writable 嵌套序列化器编写自定义 update/create 方法的人都可以帮助我理解解决这个问题的可能方法。

我认为你必须 "reload" 玩家字段 instance.players.all(),因为查询集已经在序列化程序的 is_valid 方法中计算过。

@transaction.atomic
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
    '''
    Cutomize the update function for the serializer to update the
    related_field values.
    '''

    if 'memberships' in validated_data:
        instance = self._update_membership(instance, validated_data)

        # remove memberships key from validated_data to use update method of
        # base serializer class to update model fields
        validated_data.pop('memberships', None)
        instance.players.all()

    return super(TeamSerializer, self).update(instance, validated_data)

在这种情况下,我能够找到 issue。我在 queryset 上使用 .prefetch_related(),这导致实例对多对多关系使用预取数据。我有两个解决方案,可能会导致更多的数据库命中以获取更新的数据。

1。不使用 .prefetch_related()

一个明显的方法是不使用 .prefetch_related()不推荐,因为它会导致大量的数据库命中。

2。在序列化程序的更新方法中更新多对多关系后获取更新的模型实例

instance = self.context['view'].get_queryset().get(
    id=instance.id
)

已修改 .update(),共 TeamSerializer

@transaction.atomic
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
    '''
    Cutomize the update function for the serializer to update the
    related_field values.
    '''

    if 'memberships' in validated_data:
        instance = self._update_membership(instance, validated_data)

        # remove memberships key from validated_data to use update method of
        # base serializer class to update model fields
        validated_data.pop('memberships', None)

        # fetch updated model instance after updating many-to-many relations
        instance = self.context['view'].get_queryset().get(
            id=instance.id
        )
    return super(TeamSerializer, self).update(instance, validated_data)

如果有人有更好的方法,如果他们可以添加这个问题的答案,我将不胜感激。