遍历中RefCell的循环引用借用

Cyclic reference of RefCell borrows in traversal

我正在学习 Rust 并尝试编写一个双向链表。但是,我已经陷入了典型的迭代遍历实现。我的印象是借用检查器/丢弃检查器过于严格,当它从 RefCell 跨越函数边界时无法推断出借用的正确生命周期。我需要重复设置变量绑定(在本例中为 curr)以借用其当前内容:

use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::rc::Rc;

pub struct LinkedList<T> {
    head: Option<Rc<RefCell<LinkedNode<T>>>>,
    // ...
}

struct LinkedNode<T> {
    value: T,
    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<LinkedNode<T>>>>,
    // ...
}

impl<T> LinkedList<T> {
    pub fn insert(&mut self, value: T, idx: usize) -> &mut LinkedList<T> {
        // ... some logic ...

        // This is the traversal that fails to compile.
        let mut curr = self.head.as_ref().unwrap();
        for _ in 1..idx {
            curr = curr.borrow().next.as_ref().unwrap()
        }

        // I want to use curr here.
        // ...
        unimplemented!()
    }
}

编译器抱怨:

没有 NLL

error[E0597]: borrowed value does not live long enough
  --> src/lib.rs:22:20
   |
22 |             curr = curr.borrow().next.as_ref().unwrap()
   |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ temporary value does not live long enough
23 |         }
   |         - temporary value dropped here while still borrowed
...
28 |     }
   |     - temporary value needs to live until here
   |
   = note: consider using a `let` binding to increase its lifetime

有NLL

error[E0716]: temporary value dropped while borrowed
  --> src/lib.rs:22:20
   |
22 |             curr = curr.borrow().next.as_ref().unwrap()
   |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   |                    |
   |                    creates a temporary which is freed while still in use
   |                    a temporary with access to the borrow is created here ...
23 |         }
   |         -
   |         |
   |         temporary value is freed at the end of this statement
   |         ... and the borrow might be used here, when that temporary is dropped and runs the destructor for type `std::cell::Ref<'_, LinkedNode<T>>`
   |
   = note: consider using a `let` binding to create a longer lived value
   = note: The temporary is part of an expression at the end of a block. Consider adding semicolon after the expression so its temporaries are dropped sooner, before the local variables declared by the block are dropped.

我真的很感激这个问题的迭代解决方案非递归)。

这是我认为显示相同问题的较小复制品:

use std::cell::RefCell;

fn main() {
    let foo = RefCell::new(Some(42));
    let x = foo.borrow().as_ref().unwrap();
}

如我所见:

  1. foo.borrow() return是一种cell::Ref,一种智能指针。在这种情况下,智能指针就像 &Option<i32>.
  2. as_ref() 创建一个 Option<&i32>,其中内部引用与智能指针具有相同的生命周期。
  3. Option 被丢弃,仅产生一个 &i32,仍然具有智能指针的生命周期。

值得注意的是,智能指针 Ref 仅在语句中存在,但代码尝试 return 对 Ref 的引用,该引用将比语句更有效。

通常,解决方案是执行以下操作:

let foo_borrow = foo.borrow();
let x = foo_borrow.as_ref().unwrap();

这可以使智能指针保持更长的时间,只要 foo_borrow(代表借用本身)存在,引用的生命周期就一直有效。

在循环的情况下,您无能为力,因为您基本上想借用每个先前的节点,直到到达下一个节点。

您可以克隆 Rc 以避免生命周期问题:

let mut curr = self.head.as_ref().unwrap().clone();
for _ in 1..idx {
    let t = curr.borrow().next.as_ref().unwrap().clone();
    curr = t;
}