为什么*不* ReSharper 告诉我“隐式捕获的闭包”?

Why *doesn't* ReSharper tell me “implicitly captured closure”?

This question 及其答案很好地解释了隐式捕获闭包的概念。但是,我偶尔会看到代码似乎应该生成有问题的警告,但实际上并没有。例如:

public static void F()
{
  var rnd1 = new Random();
  var rnd2 = new Random();
  Action a1 = () => G(rnd1);
  Action a2 = () => G(rnd2);
}

private static void G(Random r)
{
}

我的预期是我会被警告 a1 隐式捕获 rnd2,而 a2 隐式捕获 rnd1。但是,我根本没有收到任何警告(尽管链接问题中的代码确实为我生成了它)。这是 ReSharper (v9.2) 方面的错误,还是由于某种原因这里没有发生隐式捕获?

我认为 Resharper 出于某种原因无法在这种情况下发现隐式捕获的变量。您可以使用一些反汇编程序验证您自己,编译器生成带有 rnd1 和 rnd2 的单个 class。对于您的示例,crystal 不清楚,但让我们以 Eric Lippert 博客 post (https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ericlippert/2007/06/06/fyi-c-and-vb-closures-are-per-scope/) 中的这个示例为例,他在其中描述了一个危险的隐式捕获示例:

Func<Cheap> M() {            
    var c = new Cheap();
    var e = new Expensive();
    Func<Expensive> shortlived = () => e;
    Func<Cheap> longlived = () => c;            
    shortlived();
    // use shortlived
    // use longlived
    return longlived;
}

class Cheap {

}

class Expensive {

}

这里很明显,longlived delegate 捕获了 Expensive 变量,并且在它死亡之前不会被收集。但是(至少对我而言),Resharper 不会就此警告您。虽然无法命名 "bug",但肯定有改进的地方。

当编译器捕获闭包中匿名方法使用的局部变量时,它通过生成一个特定于包含委托定义的方法范围的帮助程序 class 来实现。每个作用域都存在一种这样的方法,即使该作用域中有多个委托也是如此。请参阅 Eric Lippert 的解释 here

借用您的示例,考虑以下程序:

using System;

namespace ConsoleApplication
{
    internal class Program
    {
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            F();
        }

        public static void F()
        {
            var rnd1 = new Random();
            var rnd2 = new Random();
            Action a1 = () => G(rnd1);
            Action a2 = () => G(rnd2);
        }

        private static void G(Random r)
        {
        }
    }
}

查看编译器生成的 IL,我们看到下面是 F() 的实现:

.method public hidebysig static 
    void F () cil managed 
{
    // Method begins at RVA 0x205c
    // Code size 56 (0x38)
    .maxstack 2
    .locals init (
        [0] class ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0' 'CS$<>8__locals0',
        [1] class [mscorlib]System.Action a1,
        [2] class [mscorlib]System.Action a2
    )

    IL_0000: newobj instance void ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::.ctor()
    IL_0005: stloc.0
    IL_0006: nop
    IL_0007: ldloc.0
    IL_0008: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Random::.ctor()
    IL_000d: stfld class [mscorlib]System.Random ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::rnd1
    IL_0012: ldloc.0
    IL_0013: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Random::.ctor()
    IL_0018: stfld class [mscorlib]System.Random ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::rnd2
    IL_001d: ldloc.0
    IL_001e: ldftn instance void ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::'<F>b__0'()
    IL_0024: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Action::.ctor(object, native int)
    IL_0029: stloc.1
    IL_002a: ldloc.0
    IL_002b: ldftn instance void ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::'<F>b__1'()
    IL_0031: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Action::.ctor(object, native int)
    IL_0036: stloc.2
    IL_0037: ret
} // end of method Program::F

注意第一条 IL 指令:IL_0000: newobj instance void ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::.ctor() 调用编译器生成的帮助程序 class 的默认构造函数——负责捕获闭包中的局部变量。

这是编译器生成的帮助程序的 IL class:

.class nested private auto ansi sealed beforefieldinit '<>c__DisplayClass1_0'
    extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .custom instance void [mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute::.ctor() = (
        01 00 00 00
    )
    // Fields
    .field public class [mscorlib]System.Random rnd1
    .field public class [mscorlib]System.Random rnd2

    // Methods
    .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname 
        instance void .ctor () cil managed 
    {
        // Method begins at RVA 0x20a3
        // Code size 8 (0x8)
        .maxstack 8

        IL_0000: ldarg.0
        IL_0001: call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor()
        IL_0006: nop
        IL_0007: ret
    } // end of method '<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::.ctor

    .method assembly hidebysig 
        instance void '<F>b__0' () cil managed 
    {
        // Method begins at RVA 0x20ac
        // Code size 13 (0xd)
        .maxstack 8

        IL_0000: ldarg.0
        IL_0001: ldfld class [mscorlib]System.Random ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::rnd1
        IL_0006: call void ConsoleApplication.Program::G(class [mscorlib]System.Random)
        IL_000b: nop
        IL_000c: ret
    } // end of method '<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::'<F>b__0'

    .method assembly hidebysig 
        instance void '<F>b__1' () cil managed 
    {
        // Method begins at RVA 0x20ba
        // Code size 13 (0xd)
        .maxstack 8

        IL_0000: ldarg.0
        IL_0001: ldfld class [mscorlib]System.Random ConsoleApplication.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::rnd2
        IL_0006: call void ConsoleApplication.Program::G(class [mscorlib]System.Random)
        IL_000b: nop
        IL_000c: ret
    } // end of method '<>c__DisplayClass1_0'::'<F>b__1'

} // end of class <>c__DisplayClass1_0

请注意,此助手 class 具有 rnd1rnd2.

的字段

F() 在 IL 级别的 "final" 实现类似于以下内容:

public static void F()
{
    var closureHelper = new ClosureHelper();
    closureHelper.rnd1 = new Random();
    closureHelper.rnd2 = new Random();
    Action a1 = closureHelper.MethodOne;
    Action a2 = closureHelper.MethodTwo;
}

其中 ClosureHelper 的实现类似于:

internal class Program
{
    public class ClosureHelper
    {
         public Random rnd1;
         public Random rnd2;

         void MethodOne()
         {
              Program.G(rnd1);
         }

         void MethodTwo()
         {
              Program.G(rnd2);
         }
    }
}

至于为什么 ReSharper 没有警告您在这种情况下发生了隐式捕获,我不知道。