如何将 MySQL 的 utf8 默认排序规则设置为 utf8_unicode_ci？
How can I set MySQL's default collation for utf8 to utf8_unicode_ci?
我正在将数据库转换为 utf8 字符集和 utf8_unicode_ci 排序规则。将 table 的字符集更改为 utf8 时，MySQL 会自动将 table 的列转换为 utf8 的默认排序规则：utf_general_ci。我不想运行数百个alter column命令将每一列都转换成utf8_unicode_ci，所以我可以将utf8的默认排序规则设置为utf8_unicode_ci吗，如information_schema ]?:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.COLLATIONS WHERE CHARACTER_SET_NAME = 'utf8';
+---------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | ID | IS_DEFAULT | IS_COMPILED | SORTLEN |
+---------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_sinhala_ci | utf8 | 211 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_german2_ci | utf8 | 212 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf8 | 213 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_unicode_520_ci | utf8 | 214 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_vietnamese_ci | utf8 | 215 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_general_mysql500_ci | utf8 | 223 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_croatian_ci | utf8 | 576 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_myanmar_ci | utf8 | 577 | | Yes | 8 |
+---------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
记下 IS_DEFAULT 列。
另请注意，我不是在询问如何使用 ALTER!
转换数据库、table 或列
另外添加 collation_server = utf8_unicode_ci 到 my.cnf 不起作用。
我建议您创建一个具有您想要的排序规则的数据库和 运行 一个用于复制所有表和数据的脚本（在临时服务器中，我建议您在临时服务器中执行此操作 不在产品中)，如果一切正常，请检查暂存，然后在产品中进行。
每个 table 需要一个 ALTER，而不是每列 (Reference)：
ALTER TABLE foo CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
您可以生成所有的alters，然后手动复制它们来执行它们。像
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", table_schema, ".", table_name,
" CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
")
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('mysql', 'information_schema',
'performance_schema', 'sys_schema');
但我建议你CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci这样你就可以处理所有的中文，加上表情符号。
我希望你做到了 CONVERT TO，而不仅仅是 MODIFY COLUMN。前者转换字符；后者会弄乱 table.
中已有的任何 8 位字符
如果您在 VARCHAR(255) 上有索引，就会出现 utf8mb4 问题。如果可行，将大小缩小到 191 或更小。
例子
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE iidr\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: iidr
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `iidr` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key2` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`vc` varchar(99) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `key2` (`key2`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM iidr;
+-------+------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | |
| key2 | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | UNI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| vc | varchar(99) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE iidr CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.14 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM iidr;
+-------+------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | |
| key2 | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | UNI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| vc | varchar(99) | utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE iidr\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: iidr
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `iidr` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key2` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`vc` varchar(99) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `key2` (`key2`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我正在将数据库转换为 utf8 字符集和 utf8_unicode_ci 排序规则。将 table 的字符集更改为 utf8 时，MySQL 会自动将 table 的列转换为 utf8 的默认排序规则：utf_general_ci。我不想运行数百个alter column命令将每一列都转换成utf8_unicode_ci，所以我可以将utf8的默认排序规则设置为utf8_unicode_ci吗，如information_schema ]?:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.COLLATIONS WHERE CHARACTER_SET_NAME = 'utf8';
+---------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | ID | IS_DEFAULT | IS_COMPILED | SORTLEN |
+---------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_sinhala_ci | utf8 | 211 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_german2_ci | utf8 | 212 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf8 | 213 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_unicode_520_ci | utf8 | 214 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_vietnamese_ci | utf8 | 215 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_general_mysql500_ci | utf8 | 223 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_croatian_ci | utf8 | 576 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_myanmar_ci | utf8 | 577 | | Yes | 8 |
+---------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
记下 IS_DEFAULT 列。
另请注意，我不是在询问如何使用 ALTER!
另外添加 collation_server = utf8_unicode_ci 到 my.cnf 不起作用。
我建议您创建一个具有您想要的排序规则的数据库和 运行 一个用于复制所有表和数据的脚本（在临时服务器中，我建议您在临时服务器中执行此操作 不在产品中)，如果一切正常，请检查暂存，然后在产品中进行。
每个 table 需要一个 ALTER，而不是每列 (Reference)：
ALTER TABLE foo CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
您可以生成所有的alters，然后手动复制它们来执行它们。像
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", table_schema, ".", table_name,
" CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
")
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('mysql', 'information_schema',
'performance_schema', 'sys_schema');
但我建议你CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci这样你就可以处理所有的中文，加上表情符号。
我希望你做到了 CONVERT TO，而不仅仅是 MODIFY COLUMN。前者转换字符；后者会弄乱 table.
如果您在 VARCHAR(255) 上有索引，就会出现 utf8mb4 问题。如果可行，将大小缩小到 191 或更小。
例子
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE iidr\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: iidr
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `iidr` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key2` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`vc` varchar(99) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `key2` (`key2`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM iidr;
+-------+------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | |
| key2 | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | UNI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| vc | varchar(99) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE iidr CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.14 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM iidr;
+-------+------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | |
| key2 | int(10) unsigned | NULL | NO | UNI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| vc | varchar(99) | utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE iidr\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: iidr
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `iidr` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key2` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`vc` varchar(99) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `key2` (`key2`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)