Spring 引导 + Spring 数据 JPA + 事务无法正常工作

Question

我使用 1.2.0 版本和 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 创建了一个 Spring 引导应用程序，我正在使用 MySQL。我已在 application.properties 文件中正确配置我的 MySQL 属性。

我有一个简单的 JPA 实体、Spring 数据 JPA 存储库和一个服务，如下所示：

@Entity
class Person
{
    @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    //setters & getters
}

@Repository
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person, Integer>{

}


import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
@Transactional
class PersonService
{
    @Autowired PersonRepository personRepository;

    @Transactional
    void save(List<Person> persons){
        for (Person person : persons) {         
            if("xxx".equals(person.getName())){
                throw new RuntimeException("boooom!!!");
            }
            personRepository.save(person);          
        }
    }
}

我有以下 JUnit 测试：

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    PersonService personService;

    @Test
    public void test_logging() {
        List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        persons.add(new Person(null,"abcd"));
        persons.add(new Person(null,"xyz"));
        persons.add(new Person(null,"xxx"));
        persons.add(new Person(null,"pqr"));

        personService.save(persons);
    }

}

这里的期望是它不应该向 PERSON table 中插入任何记录，因为它会在插入第三人称对象时抛出异常。但它没有回滚，前 2 条记录正在插入和提交。

然后我想到了赶紧用JPA EntityManager试试。

@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;

em.save(person);

然后我得到 javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException：没有可用的事务性 EntityManager 异常。

谷歌搜索一段时间后，我遇到了关于同一主题的这个 JIRA 线程 https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-11923。

然后我将 Spring 引导版本更新为 1.1.2 以获得比 4.0.6[= 更早的 Spring 版本56=].

然后 em.save(person) 按预期工作并且事务工作正常（意味着它在发生 RuntimeException 时回滚所有数据库插入）。

但即使使用 Spring 4.0.5 + Spring Data JPA 1.6.0 版本事务在 personRepository.save(person) 代替 em.persist(person).

似乎 Spring Data JPA 存储库正在提交事务。

我错过了什么？如何使服务级别 @Transactional 注释起作用？

PS:

Maven pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springboot-data-jpa</name> <description>Spring Boot Hello World</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.2.0.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <start-class>com.sivalabs.springboot.Application</start-class> <java.version>1.7</java.version> </properties> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

Application.java

@EnableAutoConfiguration @Configuration @ComponentScan public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }

Answer 1

将事务注释更改为 @Transactional(rollbackFor=Exception.class)

Answer 2

我用 SpringBoot v1.2.0 和 v1.5.2 测试了这个，一切都按预期工作，你不需要使用实体管理器，也不需要 @Transactional(rollbackFor=Exception.class).

我看不出你配置错误的部分，乍一看一切都很好，所以我只是将我的所有配置作为参考发布，其中包含更多更新的注释和 H2 嵌入式内存数据库：

application.properties

# Embedded memory database
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:~/test;AUTO_SERVER=TRUE

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpaDemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Person.java

@Entity
public class Person
{
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;

    public Person() {}
    public Person(String name) {this.name = name;}
    public Integer getId() {return id;}
    public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}
    public String getName() {return name;}
    public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}
}

PersonRepository.java

@Repository
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person, Integer> {}

PersonService.java

@Service
public class PersonService
{
    @Autowired
    PersonRepository personRepository;

    @Transactional
    public void saveTransactional(List<Person> persons){
        savePersons(persons);
    }

    public void saveNonTransactional(List<Person> persons){
        savePersons(persons);
    }

    private void savePersons(List<Person> persons){
        for (Person person : persons) {
            if("xxx".equals(person.getName())){
                throw new RuntimeException("boooom!!!");
            }
            personRepository.save(person);
        }
    }
}

Application.java

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

PersonServiceTest.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class PersonServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    PersonService personService;

    @Autowired
    PersonRepository personRepository;

    @Test
    public void person_table_size_1() {
        List<Person> persons = getPersons();
        try {personService.saveNonTransactional(persons);}
        catch (RuntimeException e) {}

        List<Person> personsOnDB = personRepository.findAll();
        assertEquals(1, personsOnDB.size());
    }

    @Test
    public void person_table_size_0() {
        List<Person> persons = getPersons();
        try {personService.saveTransactional(persons);}
        catch (RuntimeException e) {}

        List<Person> personsOnDB = personRepository.findAll();
        assertEquals(0, personsOnDB.size());
    }

    public List<Person> getPersons(){
        List<Person> persons = new ArrayList() {{
            add(new Person("aaa"));
            add(new Person("xxx"));
            add(new Person("sss"));
        }};

        return persons;
    }
}

*每次测试都会清除并重新初始化数据库，以便我们始终根据已知状态进行验证

Answer 3

来自@m-deinum 的：

Make your PersonService public as well as the method you are calling.

这似乎对一些用户起到了作用。同样的事情也包含在 this answer, citing manual saying:

When using proxies, you should apply the @Transactional annotation only to methods with public visibility. If you do annotate protected, private or package-visible methods with the @Transactional annotation, no error is raised, but the annotated method does not exhibit the configured transactional settings. Consider the use of AspectJ (see below) if you need to annotate non-public methods.

Spring 引导 + Spring 数据 JPA + 事务无法正常工作

Spring Boot + Spring Data JPA + Transactions not working properly

spring

jpa

spring-data-jpa

spring-boot