我的操作 class 被映射时没有 Struts.xml 映射或 java 注释

Question

我有一个 JSP 登录页面，它会调用登录操作 class。我在映射中使用 Struts 注释而不是 struts.xml 并且一切正常。我随机尝试了一些新的东西，所以我从我的操作 class 中删除了所有注释，我的 struts.xml 没有映射，但不知何故我的 login.jsp 能够调用我的操作 class。在没有使用 Struts.xml 配置或 struts 注释的情况下调用我的操作 class 怎么可能？

login.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>    
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Welcome to Popular Movies</title>

<style type="text/css">
.errors {
    background-color:#FFCCCC;
    border:1px solid #CC0000;
    width:400px;
    margin-bottom:8px;
}
.errors li{ 
    list-style: none; 
}
</style>

</head>
<body>

<h2>Please Log in</h2>
<div  id="errorMessage" >   
        <s:if test="hasActionErrors()">
           <div class="errors" >
               <s:actionerror/>
           </div>
        </s:if>
</div>      
   <s:form action="login" method="post" name="myForm" onSubmit="return preValidate(errorMessage, userName, userPassword)" >
      <s:textfield name="userName" label="Name" size="20" id="userName" />
      <s:password name="password" label="Password" size="20" id="userPassword" />
      <s:hidden name="registration" value="false" />
      <s:submit value="Submit" align="center" />
   </s:form>

   <hr>

   <a href="/PopularMovies/registration.jsp">Sign up free</a> 
</body>

<script type="text/javascript" src="validation.js">

</script>
</html>

Login.java

    package com.esi.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.sans.model.Movie;
import com.sans.model.Movies;
import com.sans.model.user_account;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Query;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Login extends ActionSupport {
    private String password;
    private String userName;
    private String email;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String registration;
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; 

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public String execute() {
        boolean isRegistration = Boolean.parseBoolean(registration);

        System.out.println("Action called from struts.xml");
        try {
            //Setting up Hibernate configuration
            System.out.println("Attempting Database connection...");
            sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
        }
        catch(Exception ex){
            System.out.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object. " + ex.toString());     
            return INPUT;
        }

        // If Registration flag is set to true then it means user is trying to register
        // else authenticate user
        if(isRegistration) {
            if(this.addUser()) {
                return SUCCESS;
            }
            else {
                return INPUT;
            }
        }
        else {
            if(this.authenticateUser(this.getUserName())) {
                return SUCCESS;
            }
            else {
                return INPUT;
            } 
        }
    }

    public boolean addUser() {
        boolean result = false;
        user_account user = new user_account();
        user.setUser_Name(this.getUserName());
        user.setFirstName(this.getFirstName());
        user.setLastName(this.getLastName());
        user.setEmail(this.getEmail());
        user.setUser_Password(this.getPassword());

        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        try{
            session.beginTransaction();
            session.save(user);     
            session.getTransaction().commit();
            result = true;
            addActionMessage("Welcome " + user.getUser_Name());
        }
        catch(HibernateException e){
            if(session.getTransaction() != null)
                session.getTransaction().rollback();        
            System.out.println("Error trying to insert user to database.. " + e.getMessage() + "\nStack Trace: ");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        finally {
            session.close();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public boolean authenticateUser(String userName) {
        boolean result = false;

        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        try{
            session.beginTransaction();
            String hql = "FROM user_account U WHERE U.User_Name = :userName";
            Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
            query.setParameter("userName", userName);
            List results = query.list();

            //If the query result size is 0, then it means user does not exist in database
            if(results.size() != 0) {
                user_account user = (user_account)results.get(0);

                if(this.getUserName().equals(user.getUser_Name()) && this.getPassword().equals(user.getUser_Password())) {
                    addActionMessage("Welcome " + user.getUser_Name());
                    result = true;
                }
                else {
                    addActionError("Invalid User");
                    result = false;
                }
            }
            else {
                addActionError("Invalid User");
                result = false;
            }
            session.getTransaction().commit();  
        }
        catch(HibernateException e){
            if(session.getTransaction() != null)
                session.getTransaction().rollback();        
            System.out.println("Error trying to insert user to database.. " + e.toString());
        }
        catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

        }
        catch(Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("Something went wrong: " + ex.toString());
        }

        finally {
            session.close();
        }
        return result;
    }


    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
    public String getRegistration() {
        return registration;
    }

    public void setRegistration(String registration) {
        this.registration = registration;
    }



}

Struts.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
   "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
   "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <action name="login" class="com.esi.actions.Login">
        <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
    </action> 

</struts>

Web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>PopularMovies</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>


    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

据我所知 struts 框架，动作 class 只有在映射到 struts.xml 或使用注释时才能调用。

Answer 1

我好久没用Struts了，不知道是不是用class这个名字做映射，试试这些选项中的一个，看看对不对:

1- 将 action="login" 更改为 action="login2"
要么
2- 将 class 名称更改为 Login2

看看它是否有效！！

Answer 2

在Struts2中，注解由Convention Plugin提供。

名字说明了一切：约定优于配置。

这意味着您可以配置它的每个方面，但如果您遵循某些约定，它也会默认工作；这样你就必须花时间只配置那些与标准行为不同的情况。

Specifically:

By default, the Convention plugin will find all action classes that implement com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action or whose name ends with the word Action in specific packages.

These packages are located by the Convention plugin using a search methodology. First the Convention plugin finds packages named struts, struts2, action or actions. Any packages that match those names are considered the root packages for the Convention plugin. Next, the plugin looks at all of the classes in those packages as well as sub-packages and determines if the classes implement com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action or if their name ends with Action (i.e. FooAction). Here's an example of a few classes that the Convention plugin will find:
Classes 

com.example.actions.MainAction
com.example.actions.products.Display (implements com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action)
com.example.struts.company.details.ShowCompanyDetailsAction

您扩展了实现 Action 接口的 ActionSupport...因此，即使未配置，也会找到 login 操作。

编辑

我忘了提到有一个插件可以帮助您调试操作/拦截器/结果配置：Struts2 Config Browser Plugin。只需将 JAR 包含在您的 WAR/EAR 中，然后调用

http://YOUR_DOMAIN/YOUR_WEBAPP/config-browser/index.action

您将清楚地看到在您的 web 应用程序中配置的每个操作（通过约定隐式或通过配置显式）。

请记住 在生产环境中部署之前删除此插件，否则攻击者将有更多机会攻击您。

我的操作 class 被映射时没有 Struts.xml 映射或 java 注释

My action class is being mapped without Struts.xml mappins or java annotations

java

jsp

configuration

struts2

struts2-convention-plugin

编辑