CROSS/OUTER 申请 MySQL

Question

我需要在 MySQL（EC2 RDS MySQL 实例）中使用 CROSS APPLY。看起来 MySQL 无法识别 CROSS APPLY 语法。有人可以帮我吗？

这是查询。

SELECT ORD.ID
    ,ORD.NAME
    ,ORD.DATE
    ,ORD_HIST.VALUE
FROM ORD
CROSS APPLY (
    SELECT TOP 1 ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
    FROM ORD_HISTORY
    WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
        AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
    ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
    ) ORD_HIST

Answer 1

最接近的直接近似是一个以相关子查询为谓词的连接。

SELECT
   ORD.ID
  ,ORD.NAME
  ,ORD.DATE
  ,ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
FROM
  ORD
INNER JOIN
  ORD_HISTORY
    ON  ORD_HISTORY.<PRIMARY_KEY>
        =
        (SELECT ORD_HISTORY.<PRIMARY_KEY>
           FROM ORD_HISTORY
          WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
            AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
       ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
          LIMIT 1
        )

然而，在您的情况下，您只需要来自目标 table 的一个字段。这意味着您可以直接在 SELECT 语句中使用相关子查询。

SELECT
   ORD.ID
  ,ORD.NAME
  ,ORD.DATE
  ,(SELECT ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
      FROM ORD_HISTORY
     WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
       AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
  ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
     LIMIT 1
   )   AS VALUE
FROM
  ORD

Answer 2

从 MySQL 8.0.14 开始，您可以使用 LATERAL:

A derived table now may be preceded by the LATERAL keyword to specify that it is permitted to refer to (depend on) columns of preceding tables in the same FROM clause. A derived table specified with LATERAL can occur only in a FROM clause, either in a list of tables separated with commas or in a join specification (JOIN, INNER JOIN, CROSS JOIN, LEFT [OUTER] JOIN, or RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN). Lateral derived tables make possible certain SQL operations that cannot be done with nonlateral derived tables or that require less-efficient workarounds

CROSS APPLY () <=> ,LATERAL ()
OUTER APPLY () <=> LEFT JOIN LATERAL () ON 1=1

Support for LATERAL derived tables added to MySQL 8.0.14

在这种情况下：

SELECT ORD.ID
    ,ORD.NAME
    ,ORD.DATE
    ,ORD_HIST.VALUE
FROM ORD,
LATERAL (
    SELECT ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
    FROM ORD_HISTORY
    WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
        AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
    ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
    LIMIT 1
    ) ORD_HIST;

如果相关子查询没有return 任何行，主查询的主行将被跳过。在这种情况下，应该使用LEFT JOIN LATERAL。

db<>fiddle demo

Answer 3

基于@lujas szozda 的回答：

对于交叉应用：

SELECT ORD.ID
    ,ORD.NAME
    ,ORD.DATE
    ,ORD_HIST.VALUE
FROM ORD JOIN 
LATERAL (
    SELECT ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
    FROM ORD_HISTORY
    WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
        AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
    ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
    LIMIT 1
    ) ORD_HIST ON 1=1
/* ON 1=1 is just a trick to join to whatever the LATERAL returns */

对于外部应用：

SELECT ORD.ID
    ,ORD.NAME
    ,ORD.DATE
    ,ORD_HIST.VALUE
FROM ORD LEFT JOIN 
LATERAL (
    SELECT ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
    FROM ORD_HISTORY
    WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
        AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
    ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
    LIMIT 1
    ) ORD_HIST ON 1=1 
/* ON 1=1 is just a trick to join to whatever the LATERAL returns */

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