仅针对 webHttpBinding 更改 XML 和 JSON 中的响应输出格式

Change the response output format in XML and JSON only for webHttpBinding

我已经研究这个问题很长时间了,以下是我的发现和要求:

我们有两个端点:

通过 WebHttp 端点,我们需要支持 JSON 和 XML 但具有自定义响应格式。这是所需的格式(为清楚起见,仅显示 JSON):

{
    "status": "success",
    "data" : {}
}

我们需要的是让每个对象returned正常序列化,在层级中放到data下。假设我们有这个 OperationContract:

ObjectToBeReturned test();

ObjectToBeReturned是:

[DataContract]
class ObjectToBeReturned {
    [DataMember]
    public string A {get; set;}
    [DataMember]
    public string B {get; set;}
}

现在,我们希望通过 TCP 直接交换 ObjectToBeReturned 对象,但通过 WebHttp 具有以下格式作为响应:

{
    "status": "success",
    "data": {
        "A": "atest",
        "B": "btest"
    }
}

可能性 1

我们考虑了两种可能性。第一个是让一个名为 Response 的对象成为我们所有 OperationContract 的 return 对象,它将包含以下内容:

[DataContract]
class Response<T> {
    [DataMember]
    public string Status {get; set;}
    [DataMember]
    public T Data {get; set;}
}

问题是我们也需要通过 TCP 协议交换这个对象,但这不是我们理想的场景。

可能性2

我们已尝试添加自定义 EndpointBehavior 和自定义 IDispatchMessageFormatter,该自定义 IDispatchMessageFormatter 只会出现在 WebHttp 端点。

在这个class中,我们实现了以下方法:

 public Message SerializeReply(
            MessageVersion messageVersion,
            object[] parameters,
            object result)
        {

            var clientAcceptType = WebOperationContext.Current.IncomingRequest.Accept;

            Type type = result.GetType();

            var genericResponseType = typeof(Response<>);
            var specificResponseType = genericResponseType.MakeGenericType(result.GetType());
            var response = Activator.CreateInstance(specificResponseType, result);

            Message message;
            WebBodyFormatMessageProperty webBodyFormatMessageProperty;


            if (clientAcceptType == "application/json")
            {
                message = Message.CreateMessage(messageVersion, "", response, new DataContractJsonSerializer(specificResponseType));
                webBodyFormatMessageProperty = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Json);

            }
            else
            {
                message = Message.CreateMessage(messageVersion, "", response, new DataContractSerializer(specificResponseType));
                webBodyFormatMessageProperty = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Xml);

            }

            var responseMessageProperty = new HttpResponseMessageProperty
            {
                StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK
            };

            message.Properties.Add(HttpResponseMessageProperty.Name, responseMessageProperty);

            message.Properties.Add(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, webBodyFormatMessageProperty); 
            return message;
        }

这看起来很有希望。该方法的问题在于,在使用 DataContractSerializer 进行序列化时,我们会收到以下错误:

Consider using a DataContractResolver if you are using DataContractSerializer or add any types not known statically to the list of known types - for example, by using the KnownTypeAttribute attribute or by adding them to the list of known types passed to the serializer.

我们真的不想在响应 class 上方列出所有已知类型,因为数量太多,维护将是一场噩梦(当我们列出已知类型时,我们能够获得数据)。请注意,传递给响应的所有对象都将使用 DataContract 属性进行修饰。

我必须指出,我们不关心更改消息格式是否会导致 WebHttp 端点无法通过另一个 C# 项目中的 ServiceReference 访问,他们应该使用 TCP为此。

问题

基本上,我们只想为 WebHttp 自定义 return 格式,所以,问题是:

我们觉得我们走在正确的道路上,但有些地方缺失了。

您几乎走在正确的轨道上 - 拥有仅适用于 JSON 端点的端点行为肯定是正确的方法。但是,您可以使用消息检查器,它比格式化程序简单一些。在检查器上,您可以获取现有响应,如果它是 JSON 响应,并用您的包装对象包装内容。

请注意,WCF 内部结构都是基于 XML 的,因此您需要使用 Mapping Between JSON and XML,但这并不太复杂。

下面的代码显示了这个场景的实现。

public class Whosebug_36918281
{
    [DataContract] public class ObjectToBeReturned
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string A { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string B { get; set; }
    }
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface ITest
    {
        [OperationContract, WebGet(ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        ObjectToBeReturned Test();
    }
    public class Service : ITest
    {
        public ObjectToBeReturned Test()
        {
            return new ObjectToBeReturned { A = "atest", B = "btest" };
        }
    }
    public class MyJsonWrapperInspector : IEndpointBehavior, IDispatchMessageInspector
    {
        public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters)
        {
        }

        public object AfterReceiveRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel, InstanceContext instanceContext)
        {
            return null;
        }

        public void ApplyClientBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, ClientRuntime clientRuntime)
        {
        }

        public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, EndpointDispatcher endpointDispatcher)
        {
            endpointDispatcher.DispatchRuntime.MessageInspectors.Add(this);
        }

        public void BeforeSendReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState)
        {
            object propValue;
            if (reply.Properties.TryGetValue(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, out propValue) &&
                ((WebBodyFormatMessageProperty)propValue).Format == WebContentFormat.Json)
            {
                XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
                doc.Load(reply.GetReaderAtBodyContents());
                var newRoot = doc.CreateElement("root");
                SetTypeAttribute(doc, newRoot, "object");

                var status = doc.CreateElement("status");
                SetTypeAttribute(doc, status, "string");
                status.AppendChild(doc.CreateTextNode("success"));
                newRoot.AppendChild(status);

                var newData = doc.CreateElement("data");
                SetTypeAttribute(doc, newData, "object");
                newRoot.AppendChild(newData);

                var data = doc.DocumentElement;
                var toCopy = new List<XmlNode>();
                foreach (XmlNode child in data.ChildNodes)
                {
                    toCopy.Add(child);
                }

                foreach (var child in toCopy)
                {
                    newData.AppendChild(child);
                }

                Console.WriteLine(newRoot.OuterXml);

                var newReply = Message.CreateMessage(reply.Version, reply.Headers.Action, new XmlNodeReader(newRoot));
                foreach (var propName in reply.Properties.Keys)
                {
                    newReply.Properties.Add(propName, reply.Properties[propName]);
                }

                reply = newReply;
            }
        }

        private void SetTypeAttribute(XmlDocument doc, XmlElement element, string value)
        {
            var attr = element.Attributes["type"];
            if (attr == null)
            {
                attr = doc.CreateAttribute("type");
                attr.Value = value;
                element.Attributes.Append(attr);
            }
            else
            {
                attr.Value = value;
            }
        }

        public void Validate(ServiceEndpoint endpoint)
        {
        }
    }
    public static void Test()
    {
        string baseAddress = "http://" + Environment.MachineName + ":8000/Service";
        string baseAddressTcp = "net.tcp://" + Environment.MachineName + ":8888/Service";
        ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service), new Uri(baseAddress), new Uri(baseAddressTcp));
        var ep1 = host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ITest), new NetTcpBinding(), "");
        var ep2 = host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ITest), new WebHttpBinding(), "");
        ep2.EndpointBehaviors.Add(new WebHttpBehavior());
        ep2.EndpointBehaviors.Add(new MyJsonWrapperInspector());
        host.Open();
        Console.WriteLine("Host opened");

        Console.WriteLine("TCP:");
        ChannelFactory<ITest> factory = new ChannelFactory<ITest>(new NetTcpBinding(), new EndpointAddress(baseAddressTcp));
        ITest proxy = factory.CreateChannel();
        Console.WriteLine(proxy.Test());
        ((IClientChannel)proxy).Close();
        factory.Close();


        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine("Web:");
        WebClient c = new WebClient();
        Console.WriteLine(c.DownloadString(baseAddress + "/Test"));

        Console.Write("Press ENTER to close the host");
        Console.ReadLine();
        host.Close();
    }
}

以下是我如何能够完成我想要的。可能不是完美的解决方案,但对我来说效果很好。

可能性 2 是可行的方法。但我不得不将其更改为:

 public Message SerializeReply(
            MessageVersion messageVersion,
            object[] parameters,
            object result)
        {
            // In this sample we defined our operations as OneWay, therefore, this method
            // will not get invoked.



            var clientAcceptType = WebOperationContext.Current.IncomingRequest.Accept;

            Type type = result.GetType();

            var genericResponseType = typeof(Response<>);
            var specificResponseType = genericResponseType.MakeGenericType(result.GetType());
            var response = Activator.CreateInstance(specificResponseType, result);

            Message message;
            WebBodyFormatMessageProperty webBodyFormatMessageProperty;


            if (clientAcceptType == "application/json")
            {
                message = Message.CreateMessage(messageVersion, "", response, new DataContractJsonSerializer(specificResponseType));
                webBodyFormatMessageProperty = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Json);

            }
            else
            {
                message = Message.CreateMessage(messageVersion, "", response, new DataContractSerializer(specificResponseType));
                webBodyFormatMessageProperty = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Xml);

            }

            var responseMessageProperty = new HttpResponseMessageProperty
            {
                StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK
            };

            message.Properties.Add(HttpResponseMessageProperty.Name, responseMessageProperty);

            message.Properties.Add(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, webBodyFormatMessageProperty); 
            return message;
        }

这里的关键是,由于 Response 是一个泛型类型,WCF 需要知道所有已知类型并且不可能手动列出它们。我决定我所有的 return 类型都将实现自定义 IDataContract class(是的,空的):

public interface IDataContract
{

}

然后,我在 Response 中所做的是实现一个 GetKnownTypes 方法,并在其中循环遍历所有在程序集中实现 IDataContract 的 classes 和 return 它们在一个数组中。这是我的响应对象:

[DataContract(Name = "ResponseOf{0}")]
    [KnownType("GetKnownTypes")]
    public class Response<T>
        where T : class
    {

        public static Type[] GetKnownTypes()
        {
            var type = typeof(IDataContract);
            var types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
                .SelectMany(s => s.GetTypes())
                .Where(p => type.IsAssignableFrom(p));

            return types.ToArray();
        }

        [DataMember(Name = "status")]
        public ResponseStatus ResponseStatus { get; set; }

        [DataMember(Name = "data")]
        public object Data { get; set; }

        public Response()
        {
            ResponseStatus = ResponseStatus.Success;
        }

        public Response(T data) : base()
        {
            Data = data;            
        }
    }

这使我能够通过 TCP 连接并直接交换对象,并在 JSON 或 XML 中通过 WebHTTP 进行很好的序列化。