如何从 function/instance 外部访问变量

Question

我有这个非常简单的 JavaScript 代码，它应该 return 使用参数 firstname 和 lastname 的全名当我在函数中提醒全名时一切正常.但是我正在努力如何使 fullname 变量可以从 function/instance?

外部访问

这是我的代码：

var getName = function () {

    this.name = function (firstname, lastname, success) {
        var fullName = firstname + " " + lastname;
        success(fullName);
    };

};


var test = new getName();

test.name("John", "Smith", function (output) {
    var fullname = output;
    alert(fullname); //this works fine
    return fullname; // I need this variable to be accessed from outside this function
});

var myName = fullname; //I need to create the variable here
alert(myName); //this does not work

这里是Fiddle

非常感谢您的帮助。

编辑： 我正在构建一个 iPad 应用程序，其中我使用了 cordova 和 javascript 插件。其中一个插件让我可以访问设备内的文件。现在，我需要能够获取路径并在回调之外使用它，以便我可以在范围内的任何地方使用：

插件代码如下：

var FileManager = function(){

this.get_path = function(todir,tofilename, success){
        fail = (typeof fail == 'undefined')? Log('FileManager','read file fail'): fail;
        this.load_file(
            todir,
            tofilename,
            function(fileEntry){

                var sPath = fileEntry.toURL();
                success(sPath);
            },
            Log('fail')
        );

    }


    this.load_file = function(dir, file, success, fail, dont_repeat){
        if(!dir || dir =='')
        {
            Log('error','msg')('No file should be created, without a folder, to prevent a mess');
            fail();
            return;
        }
        fail = (typeof fail == 'undefined')? Log('FileManager','load file fail'): fail;
        var full_file_path = dir+'/'+file;
        var object = this;
        // get fileSystem
        fileSystemSingleton.load(
            function(fs){
                var dont_repeat_inner = dont_repeat;
                // get file handler
                console.log(fs.root);
                fs.root.getFile(
                    full_file_path,
                    {create: true, exclusive: false},
                    success,

                    function(error){

                        if(dont_repeat == true){
                            Log('FileManager','error')('recurring error, gettingout of here!');
                            return;
                        }
                        // if target folder does not exist, create it
                        if(error.code == 3){
                            Log('FileManager','msg')('folder does not exist, creating it');
                            var a = new DirManager();
                            a.create_r(
                                dir,
                                function(){
                                    Log('FileManager','mesg')('trying to create the file again: '+file);
                                    object.load_file(dir,file,success,fail,true);
                                },
                                fail
                            );
                            return;
                        }
                        fail(error);
                    }
                );
            }
        );
    };
}

下面是我的使用方法：

    var b = new FileManager(); // Initialize a File manager

    b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
        myPath = path;
        console.log(myPath); //this gives me the path of the file in the console, which works fine
        return myPath; //I return the path to be accessed outside
    });

    var filePath = myPath; //here I need to access the path variable
    console.log(filePath)// here, the path is undefined and it does not work

    //Since I'm using angular services to retrieve the data from json, I'd like to pass the filePath
  //this is a fraction of code for retrieving data:
  return $resource('data.json',{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});

  //passing the value does not work
  return $resource(filePath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});

  //even wrapping resource around instance does not work, it breaks the whole app
  b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
        myPath = path;
        console.log(myPath); //this gives me the path of the file in the console, which works fine
        return $resource(myPath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
    });

工厂服务：

'use strict';
angular
    .module ('myApp')
    .factory('getMeData', function ($resource) {
        var b = new FileManager(); // Initialize a File manager
        b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
            myPath = path;
            return myPath;
        });

        //below doesn't work when passing path (it is undefined)
        return $resource(myPath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});

        //when wrapping it around, the app crashes
        b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
            myPath = path;
            return $resource(myPath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
        });

        //none of the solution above work

    });

Answer 1

如果您有 name 函数 return success 的结果，那么您可以使用方法中的 return。

即

var getName = function () {
    this.name = function (firstname, lastname, success) {
        var fullName = firstname + " " + lastname;
        return success(fullName);
    };

};


var test = new getName();

var myName = test.name("John", "Smith", function (output) {
    var fullname = output;
    alert(fullname); //this works fine
    return fullname; // I need this variable to be accessed from outside this function
});
alert(myName);

Answer 2

在回调之外定义 fullname。

var getName = function () {

    this.name = function (firstname, lastname, success) {
        var fullName = firstname + " " + lastname;
        success(fullName);
    };

};


var test = new getName();
var fullname;
test.name("John", "Smith", function (output) {
    fullname = output;
    alert(fullname); //this works fine
    return fullname; // I need this variable to be accessed from outside this function
});

alert(fullname);

希望对您有所帮助。 Fiddle

Answer 3

如果需要异步：

假设代码的实际来源是异步代码，现在从您的评论中确认，您应该简单地在回调中处理结果。该值在回调之外根本不可用，因为结果稍后到达。

@Jim 和@bestmike007 的回答不适用于异步操作，因为它 return 是回调内部的一个值，可能在函数运行之后很长时间内发生。（注意：@bestmike007 确实在评论中链接了改进的答案）。

例如看看这里发生了什么：http://fiddle.jshell.net/y1m36w9p/1/ or here http://jsfiddle.net/TrueBlueAussie/opczeuqw/1/

使用异步代码的唯一方法是以异步方式。这意味着您只能在回调中处理结果：

// Get the fullname asyc and process the result
test.name("John", "Smith", function (fullname) {
    alert(fullname); // you can only work with the result in here
});

另一种方法是 return jQuery promise 来自 getName.name()，但最终结果仍然是一个回调来完成这项工作，但这次它看起来像这样：

test.name("John", "Smith").done(function(fullname){
    alert(fullname); // you can only work with the result in here
});

但这是更多的代码和并发症，目前没有额外的好处。

对于您特定的更新示例代码：

我对 Angular 不够熟悉，无法确认这一点，需要查看 getMeData 的调用方式，但您应该使用另一个回调作为 getMeData 的参数您注册的功能：

'use strict';
angular
    .module ('myApp')
    .factory('getMeData', function ($resource, callback) {
        var b = new FileManager(); // Initialize a File manager
        b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
            callback($resource(path,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}}));
        });
    });

如果异步 不需要（过时的选项）

如果（正如下面之前的矛盾评论所说）这不是异步的意思，那么根本不要使用回调，只是简单的 functions/methods returning 值：http://fiddle.jshell.net/y1m36w9p/2/

例如

var getName = function () {
    this.name = function (firstname, lastname) {
        return firstname + " " + lastname;
    };
};

// Create a instance of the getName class
var test = new getName();

// Get the fullname asyc and process the result
var fullname = test.name("John", "Smith");

// Do what you like with the value returned from the function
alert(fullname);

如何从 function/instance 外部访问变量

how to access a variable from outside a function/instance

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instance