自定义控件的意外运行时错误（Java Swing GUI）

Question

所以我目前正在尝试构建一个 GUI。但我似乎无法找到我得到的错误。这是我的错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
     at java.awt.Container.addImpl(Unknown Source)
     at java.awt.Container.add(Unknown Source)
     at GlobalTest.<init>(GlobalTest.java:41)
     at GlobalTest.main(GlobalTest.java:7)

这是我的代码：

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class GlobalTest extends JPanel {     
     public static void main(String[] args) {
          JFrame window = new JFrame("Global Test");
          window.setContentPane(new GlobalTest());
          window.pack();
          window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          window.setResizable(false);
          Dimension screensize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
          window.setLocation((screensize.width - window.getWidth()) / 2,
                            (screensize.height - window.getHeight()) / 2);
          window.setVisible(true);
     }

 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 private JTextField textField1, textField2, textField3;
 private JButton calculateButton;
 private JTextArea textArea1;



 public GlobalTest() {
     setLayout(new GridLayout(1,3,3,3));
     setBackground(Color.BLUE);
     setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLACK, 2));

     JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
     JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
     JPanel panel3 = new JPanel();

     add(panel1);
     add(panel2);
     add(panel3);

     panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,1,2,2));
     panel1.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(0,5,0,5));
     panel1.add(textField1);
     panel1.add(textField2);
     panel1.add(textField3);

     panel2.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(0,5,0,5));
     panel2.add(textArea1);
     panel2.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200,200));

     panel3.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(0,5,0,5));
     panel3.add(calculateButton);
 }

}

很抱歉缩进，但谁能告诉我为什么我不能运行这段代码？

Answer 1

您正在使用变量 textFieldX 和 textArea，但没有实例化它们。

在您的 globaltest 方法中，添加您的实例

textField1 = new JTextField() ...等等！你应该摆脱那个错误

Answer 2

您应该致电：

textfield1 = new JTextField();

如果指定了字符数，

textfield1 = new JTextField(amount);

Answer 3

您错过了这些变量的实例化。

private JTextField textField1 = new JTextField(""), textField2 = new JTextField(""), textField3 = new JTextField("");
private JButton calculateButton = new JButton ("Text of Button");
private JTextArea textArea1 = new JTextArea("");

所以当你打电话给他们时他们是 null。这就是您出现该错误的原因。

自定义控件的意外运行时错误（Java Swing GUI）

Unexpected runtime error with custom control (Java Swing GUI)

java

swing

jframe

jpanel

jcomponent