在 Angular 2 中的路线之间导航时显示加载屏幕

Question

在 Angular 2 中更改路线时如何显示加载屏幕？

Answer 1

UPDATE:3 现在我已经升级到新的路由器，如果你使用 @borislemke 的方法将不起作用 CanDeactivate守卫。我正在贬低我的旧方法，ie: 这个答案

UPDATE2：新路由器中的路由器事件看起来很有前途，@borislemke 的似乎涵盖了主要方面关于微调器的实现，我还没有测试过，但我推荐它。

UPDATE1: 我在 Old-Router 的时代写了这个答案，当时只有一个事件 route-changed 通过 [=19= 通知].我也觉得下面的方法过载，并尝试仅使用 router.subscribe() 来实现它，但它 适得其反 因为无法检测 canceled navigation。所以我不得不回到冗长的方法（双重工作）。

如果您熟悉 Angular2，这就是您所需要的

Boot.ts

import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import {MyApp} from 'path/to/MyApp-Component';
import { SpinnerService} from 'path/to/spinner-service';

bootstrap(MyApp, [SpinnerService]);

根组件- (MyApp)

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { SpinnerComponent} from 'path/to/spinner-component';
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  directives: [SpinnerComponent],
  template: `
     <spinner-component></spinner-component>
     <router-outlet></router-outlet>
   `
})
export class MyApp { }

Spinner-Component（会订阅Spinner-service相应改变active的值）

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import { SpinnerService} from 'path/to/spinner-service';
@Component({
  selector: 'spinner-component',
  'template': '<div *ngIf="active" class="spinner loading"></div>'
})
export class SpinnerComponent {
  public active: boolean;

  public constructor(spinner: SpinnerService) {
    spinner.status.subscribe((status: boolean) => {
      this.active = status;
    });
  }
}

Spinner-Service（bootstrap 此服务）

定义一个由 spinner-component 订阅的 observable 以更改更改时的状态，以及了解和设置 spinner 的功能 active/inactive.

import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {Subject} from 'rxjs/Subject';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/share';

@Injectable()
export class SpinnerService {
  public status: Subject<boolean> = new Subject();
  private _active: boolean = false;

  public get active(): boolean {
    return this._active;
  }

  public set active(v: boolean) {
    this._active = v;
    this.status.next(v);
  }

  public start(): void {
    this.active = true;
  }

  public stop(): void {
    this.active = false;
  }
}

所有其他路线的组件

(样本):

import { Component} from '@angular/core';
import { SpinnerService} from 'path/to/spinner-service';
@Component({
   template: `<div *ngIf="!spinner.active" id="container">Nothing is Loading Now</div>`
})
export class SampleComponent {

  constructor(public spinner: SpinnerService){} 

  ngOnInit(){
    this.spinner.stop(); // or do it on some other event eg: when xmlhttp request completes loading data for the component
  }

  ngOnDestroy(){
    this.spinner.start();
  }
}

Answer 2

当前的Angular路由器提供导航事件。您可以订阅这些并相应地进行 UI 更改。请记住计算其他事件，例如 NavigationCancel 和 NavigationError 以在路由器转换失败时停止微调器。

app.component.ts - 你的根组件

...
import {
  Router,
  // import as RouterEvent to avoid confusion with the DOM Event
  Event as RouterEvent,
  NavigationStart,
  NavigationEnd,
  NavigationCancel,
  NavigationError
} from '@angular/router'

@Component({})
export class AppComponent {

  // Sets initial value to true to show loading spinner on first load
  loading = true

  constructor(private router: Router) {
    this.router.events.subscribe((e : RouterEvent) => {
       this.navigationInterceptor(e);
     })
  }

  // Shows and hides the loading spinner during RouterEvent changes
  navigationInterceptor(event: RouterEvent): void {
    if (event instanceof NavigationStart) {
      this.loading = true
    }
    if (event instanceof NavigationEnd) {
      this.loading = false
    }

    // Set loading state to false in both of the below events to hide the spinner in case a request fails
    if (event instanceof NavigationCancel) {
      this.loading = false
    }
    if (event instanceof NavigationError) {
      this.loading = false
    }
  }
}

app.component.html - 你的根视图

<div class="loading-overlay" *ngIf="loading">
    <!-- show something fancy here, here with Angular 2 Material's loading bar or circle -->
    <md-progress-bar mode="indeterminate"></md-progress-bar>
</div>

性能改进答案：如果您关心性能，有更好的方法，实现起来稍微繁琐一些，但性能改进值得付出额外的努力。我们可以利用 Angular 的 NgZone 和 Renderer 来打开/关闭将绕过 Angular 的微调器，而不是使用 *ngIf 有条件地显示微调器当我们改变微调器的状态时的变化检测。我发现与使用 *ngIf 或 async 管道相比，这可以使动画更流畅。

这与我之前的回答类似，只是做了一些调整：

app.component.ts - 你的根组件

...
import {
  Router,
  // import as RouterEvent to avoid confusion with the DOM Event
  Event as RouterEvent,
  NavigationStart,
  NavigationEnd,
  NavigationCancel,
  NavigationError
} from '@angular/router'
import {NgZone, Renderer, ElementRef, ViewChild} from '@angular/core'


@Component({})
export class AppComponent {

  // Instead of holding a boolean value for whether the spinner
  // should show or not, we store a reference to the spinner element,
  // see template snippet below this script
  @ViewChild('spinnerElement')
  spinnerElement: ElementRef

  constructor(private router: Router,
              private ngZone: NgZone,
              private renderer: Renderer) {
    router.events.subscribe(this._navigationInterceptor)
  }

  // Shows and hides the loading spinner during RouterEvent changes
  private _navigationInterceptor(event: RouterEvent): void {
    if (event instanceof NavigationStart) {
      // We wanna run this function outside of Angular's zone to
      // bypass change detection
      this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
        // For simplicity we are going to turn opacity on / off
        // you could add/remove a class for more advanced styling
        // and enter/leave animation of the spinner
        this.renderer.setElementStyle(
          this.spinnerElement.nativeElement,
          'opacity',
          '1'
        )
      })
    }
    if (event instanceof NavigationEnd) {
      this._hideSpinner()
    }
    // Set loading state to false in both of the below events to
    // hide the spinner in case a request fails
    if (event instanceof NavigationCancel) {
      this._hideSpinner()
    }
    if (event instanceof NavigationError) {
      this._hideSpinner()
    }
  }

  private _hideSpinner(): void {
    // We wanna run this function outside of Angular's zone to
    // bypass change detection,
    this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
      // For simplicity we are going to turn opacity on / off
      // you could add/remove a class for more advanced styling
      // and enter/leave animation of the spinner
      this.renderer.setElementStyle(
        this.spinnerElement.nativeElement,
        'opacity',
        '0'
      )
    })
  }
}

app.component.html - 你的根视图

<div class="loading-overlay" #spinnerElement style="opacity: 0;">
    <!-- md-spinner is short for <md-progress-circle mode="indeterminate"></md-progress-circle> -->
    <md-spinner></md-spinner>
</div>

Answer 3

为什么不使用简单的 css :

<router-outlet></router-outlet>
<div class="loading"></div>

还有你的风格：

div.loading{
    height: 100px;
    background-color: red;
    display: none;
}
router-outlet + div.loading{
    display: block;
}

或者我们甚至可以为第一个答案这样做：

<router-outlet></router-outlet>
<spinner-component></spinner-component>

然后只是

spinner-component{
   display:none;
}
router-outlet + spinner-component{
    display: block;
}

这里的技巧是，新的路由和组件总是会出现在 router-outlet 之后，所以使用一个简单的 css 选择器我们可以显示和隐藏加载.

Answer 4

您也可以使用这个 existing solution. The demo is here。它看起来像 youtube 加载栏。我刚找到它并把它添加到我自己的项目中。

Answer 5

如果您有 first 路线所需的特殊逻辑，您可以执行以下操作：

应用组件

    loaded = false;

    constructor(private router: Router....) {
       router.events.pipe(filter(e => e instanceof NavigationEnd), take(1))
                    .subscribe((e) => {
                       this.loaded = true;
                       alert('loaded - this fires only once');
                   });

我需要用它来隐藏我的页脚，否则它会出现在页面顶部。另外，如果您只想为首页加载一个加载程序，您可以使用它。

在 Angular 2 中的路线之间导航时显示加载屏幕

Show loading screen when navigating between routes in Angular 2

html

css

angular

angular2-routing

应用组件