如何使用 os.walk 或任何其他替代方法按自然名称顺序递归遍历文件夹？

Question

在 python 中，如果我通过 os.walk 递归地迭代所有文件夹以找到具有定义扩展名的任何 filr。这是我现在的代码；

def get_data_paths(root_path, ext = '*.jpg'):
    import os
    import fnmatch
    matches = []
    classes = []
    class_names = []
    for root, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root_path):
      for filename in fnmatch.filter(filenames, ext):
          matches.append(os.path.join(root, filename))
          class_name =  os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(os.path.join(root, filename)))
          if class_name not in class_names:
               class_names.append(class_name)
          classes.append(class_names.index(class_name))

    print "There are ",len(matches), " files're found!!"
    return matches, classes, class_names

但是这里的问题是，此函数以文件夹名称的奇怪 python 顺序访问文件夹。相反，我想通过 A-Z 遍历它们。我应该如何修改此代码或使用任何其他替代方法来执行此操作？

Answer 1

我把代码改成了这样；

def get_data_paths(root_path, ext = '*.jpg'):
    import os
    import fnmatch
    import natsort  # import this
    matches = []
    classes = []
    class_names = []
    dir_list= natsort.natsorted(list(os.walk(root_path))) # add this
    for root, dirnames, filenames in dir_list:
      for filename in fnmatch.filter(filenames, ext):
          matches.append(os.path.join(root, filename))
          class_name =  os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(os.path.join(root, filename)))
          if class_name not in class_names:
               class_names.append(class_name)
          classes.append(class_names.index(class_name))

    print "There are ",len(matches), " files're found!!"
    return matches, classes, class_names

Answer 2

默认情况下，os.walk 的 topdown 参数是 True，因此目录三元组在它自己的目录下降之前被报告。 The docs state:

the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place (perhaps using del or slice assignment), and walk() will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames; this can be used to prune the search, impose a specific order of visiting, or even to inform walk() about directories the caller creates or renames before it resumes walk() again.

粗体我的。所以你需要做的就是：

for root, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root_path):
    dirnames[:] = natsort.natsorted(dirnames)
    # continue with other directory processing...

由于需要就地编辑列表，因此需要使用 [:] 切片表示法。

下面是os.walk的操作示例。给定如下所示的目录树：

$ ls -RF cm3mm/SAM3/src
Applets/                RTC.cc          SAM3X/
DBGUWriteString.cc  SAM3A/          SMC.cc.in
EEFC.cc             SAM3N/          SoftBoot.cc
Memories.txt        SAM3S/
PIO.cc              SAM3U/

cm3mm/SAM3/src/Applets:
AppletAPI.cc   IntFlash.cc   Main.cc        MessageSink.cc  Runtime.cc

cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3A:
Map.txt     Pins.txt

cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3N:
Map.txt     Pins.txt

cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3S:
Map.txt     Pins.txt

cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3U:
Map.txt     Pins.txt

cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3X:
Map.txt     Pins.txt

现在，让我们看看 os.walk 做了什么：

>>> import os
>>> for root, dirnames, filenames in os.walk("cm3mm/SAM3/src"):
...     print "-----"
...     print "root =", root
...     print "dirnames =", dirnames
...     print "filenames =", filenames
...
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src
dirnames = ['Applets', 'SAM3A', 'SAM3N', 'SAM3S', 'SAM3U', 'SAM3X']
filenames = ['DBGUWriteString.cc', 'EEFC.cc', 'Memories.txt', 'PIO.cc', 'RTC.cc', 'SMC.cc.in', 'SoftBoot.cc']
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src/Applets
dirnames = []
filenames = ['AppletAPI.cc', 'IntFlash.cc', 'Main.cc', 'MessageSink.cc', 'Runtime.cc']
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3A
dirnames = []
filenames = ['Map.txt', 'Pins.txt']
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3N
dirnames = []
filenames = ['Map.txt', 'Pins.txt']
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3S
dirnames = []
filenames = ['Map.txt', 'Pins.txt']
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3U
dirnames = []
filenames = ['Map.txt', 'Pins.txt']
-----
root = cm3mm/SAM3/src/SAM3X
dirnames = []
filenames = ['Map.txt', 'Pins.txt']

每次循环，你都会得到一个目录的目录和文件。我们确切地知道哪个文件属于哪个文件夹：filenames中的文件属于文件夹root.

如何使用 os.walk 或任何其他替代方法按自然名称顺序递归遍历文件夹？

How can I use os.walk or any other alternative to traverse folders recursively by the natural name order?

python

directory