如何在 Python 中打开外部程序

How to open external programs in Python

重复编辑:不,我这样做了,但它不想启动 Firefox。 我正在做一个 cortana/siri 助手,我希望它在我说话时打开一个网络浏览器。所以我已经完成了 if 部分,但我只需要它来启动 firefox.exe 我尝试了不同的东西,但我得到了一个错误。这是代码。请帮忙!它适用于打开记事本但不适用于 firefox..

#subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe']) opens the app and continues the script
#subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe']) this opens it but doesnt continue the script

import os
import subprocess

print "Hello, I am Danbot.. If you are new ask for help!" #intro

prompt = ">"     #sets the bit that indicates to input to >

input = raw_input (prompt)      #sets whatever you say to the input so bot can proces

raw_input (prompt)     #makes an input


if input == "help": #if the input is that
 print "*****************************************************************" #says that
 print "I am only being created.. more feautrues coming soon!" #says that
 print "*****************************************************************" #says that
 print "What is your name talks about names" #says that
 print "Open (name of program) opens an application" #says that
 print "sometimes a command is ignored.. restart me then!"
 print "Also, once you type in a command, press enter a couple of times.."
 print "*****************************************************************" #says that

raw_input (prompt)     #makes an input

if input == "open notepad": #if the input is that
 print "opening notepad!!" #says that
 print os.system('notepad.exe') #starts notepad

if input == "open the internet": #if the input is that
 print "opening firefox!!" #says that
 subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe'])

简短的回答是 os.system 不知道在哪里可以找到 firefox.exe

一个可能的解决方案是使用完整路径。并且推荐使用subprocess模块:

import subprocess

subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe'])

注意 firefox.exe 之前的 \!如果您使用 \f,Python 会将其解释为换页:

>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox
                                irefox.exe

当然那个路径不存在。 :-)

因此要么转义反斜杠,要么使用原始字符串:

>>> print('C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe
>>> print(r'C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe

请注意,使用 os.systemsubprocess.call 将停止当前应用程序,直到启动的程序完成。所以你可能想改用 subprocess.Popen 。这将启动外部程序,然后继续执行脚本。

subprocess.Popen(['C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe', '-new-tab'])

这将打开 firefox(或在 运行 实例中创建一个新选项卡)。


一个更完整的示例是我通过 github 发布的 open 实用程序。这使用正则表达式将文件扩展名与打开这些文件的程序相匹配。然后它使用 subprocess.Popen 在适当的程序中打开这些文件。作为参考,我在下面添加了当前版本的完整代码。

请注意,此程序是为类 UNIX 操作系统编写的。在 ms-windows 上,您可能会从注册表中获取文件类型的应用程序。

"""Opens the file(s) given on the command line in the appropriate program.
Some of the programs are X11 programs."""

from os.path import isdir, isfile
from re import search, IGNORECASE
from subprocess import Popen, check_output, CalledProcessError
from sys import argv
import argparse
import logging

__version__ = '1.3.0'

# You should adjust the programs called to suit your preferences.
filetypes = {
    '\.(pdf|epub)$': ['mupdf'],
    '\.html$': ['chrome', '--incognito'],
    '\.xcf$': ['gimp'],
    '\.e?ps$': ['gv'],
    '\.(jpe?g|png|gif|tiff?|p[abgp]m|svg)$': ['gpicview'],
    '\.(pax|cpio|zip|jar|ar|xar|rpm|7z)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
    '\.(tar\.|t)(z|gz|bz2?|xz)$': ['tar', 'tf'],
    '\.(mp4|mkv|avi|flv|mpg|movi?|m4v|webm)$': ['mpv']
}
othertypes = {'dir': ['rox'], 'txt': ['gvim', '--nofork']}


def main(argv):
    """Entry point for this script.

    Arguments:
        argv: command line arguments; list of strings.
    """
    if argv[0].endswith(('open', 'open.py')):
        del argv[0]
    opts = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='open', description=__doc__)
    opts.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='version',
                      version=__version__)
    opts.add_argument('-a', '--application', help='application to use')
    opts.add_argument('--log', default='warning',
                      choices=['debug', 'info', 'warning', 'error'],
                      help="logging level (defaults to 'warning')")
    opts.add_argument("files", metavar='file', nargs='*',
                      help="one or more files to process")
    args = opts.parse_args(argv)
    logging.basicConfig(level=getattr(logging, args.log.upper(), None),
                        format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
    logging.info('command line arguments = {}'.format(argv))
    logging.info('parsed arguments = {}'.format(args))
    fail = "opening '{}' failed: {}"
    for nm in args.files:
        logging.info("Trying '{}'".format(nm))
        if not args.application:
            if isdir(nm):
                cmds = othertypes['dir'] + [nm]
            elif isfile(nm):
                cmds = matchfile(filetypes, othertypes, nm)
            else:
                cmds = None
        else:
            cmds = [args.application, nm]
        if not cmds:
            logging.warning("do not know how to open '{}'".format(nm))
            continue
        try:
            Popen(cmds)
        except OSError as e:
            logging.error(fail.format(nm, e))
    else:  # No files named
        if args.application:
            try:
                Popen([args.application])
            except OSError as e:
                logging.error(fail.format(args.application, e))


def matchfile(fdict, odict, fname):
    """For the given filename, returns the matching program. It uses the `file`
    utility commonly available on UNIX.

    Arguments:
        fdict: Handlers for files. A dictionary of regex:(commands)
            representing the file type and the action that is to be taken for
            opening one.
        odict: Handlers for other types. A dictionary of str:(arguments).
        fname: A string containing the name of the file to be opened.

    Returns: A list of commands for subprocess.Popen.
    """
    for k, v in fdict.items():
        if search(k, fname, IGNORECASE) is not None:
            return v + [fname]
    try:
        if b'text' in check_output(['file', fname]):
            return odict['txt'] + [fname]
    except CalledProcessError:
        logging.warning("the command 'file {}' failed.".format(fname))
        return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(argv)

如果您想打开 Google 或网络上的其他内容,只需 import webbrowser 并打开 URL。我会给你一个简单的例子。

import webbrowser

webbrowser.open("www.google.com")

您可以像这样打开任何程序:

import subprocess

subprocess.call(['C:\Program Files\Fortnite\fortnite.exe'])

但这里是如何找到任何程序的 .exe(仅 Windows)

我只知道如何在 windows 上找到 .exe 文件

要查找 .exe 文件,您可以单击 windows 图标。

然后写上应用程序的名称,然后在出现的图标上right-click和select'open file location'。

然后您可能会被带到一个文件夹,其中有一个东西,而那个东西将有您要查找的文件的图标。 Right-click 然后 select 再 'open file location'。

您将被带到一个装满东西的文件夹。查找带有您要查找的文件图标的内容。 Right-click 并选择复制作为路径。这就是文件的路径。

谢谢。