如何以编程方式添加容器视图

Question

可以通过界面编辑器轻松地将容器视图添加到故事板中。添加后，容器视图是一个占位符视图、一个嵌入转场和一个（子）视图控制器。

但是，我找不到以编程方式添加容器视图的方法。实际上，我什至找不到一个名为 UIContainerView 左右的 class。

容器视图 class 的名称无疑是一个好的开始。非常感谢包含 segue 的完整指南。

_{我知道 View Controller Programming Guide，但我不认为它与 Interface Builder 对 Container Viewer 的处理方式相同。例如，当约束设置得当时，（子）视图将适应容器视图中的大小变化。}

Answer 1

故事板 "container view" 只是一个标准的 UIView 对象。没有特殊的 "container view" 类型。事实上，如果你查看视图层次结构，你可以看到 "container view" 是一个标准的 UIView:

要以编程方式实现此目的，您使用 "view controller containment":

通过在故事板对象上调用 instantiateViewController(withIdentifier:) 来实例化子视图控制器。
在您的父视图控制器中调用 addChild。
使用 addSubview 将视图控制器的 view 添加到您的视图层次结构中（并根据需要设置 frame 或约束）。
在子视图控制器上调用 didMove(toParent:) 方法，将引用传递给父视图控制器。

参见 Implementing a Container View Controller in the View Controller Programming Guide and the "Implementing a Container View Controller" section of the UIViewController Class Reference。

例如，在 Swift 4.2 中它可能看起来像：

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    let controller = storyboard!.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "Second")
    addChild(controller)
    controller.view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    view.addSubview(controller.view)

    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
        controller.view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor, constant: 10),
        controller.view.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor, constant: -10),
        controller.view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor, constant: 10),
        controller.view.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor, constant: -10)
    ])

    controller.didMove(toParent: self)
}

请注意，以上内容实际上并未向层次结构中添加 "container view"。如果你想这样做，你会做类似的事情：

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    // add container

    let containerView = UIView()
    containerView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    view.addSubview(containerView)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
        containerView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor, constant: 10),
        containerView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor, constant: -10),
        containerView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor, constant: 10),
        containerView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor, constant: -10),
    ])

    // add child view controller view to container

    let controller = storyboard!.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "Second")
    addChild(controller)
    controller.view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    containerView.addSubview(controller.view)

    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
        controller.view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.leadingAnchor),
        controller.view.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.trailingAnchor),
        controller.view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.topAnchor),
        controller.view.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.bottomAnchor)
    ])

    controller.didMove(toParent: self)
}

如果在不同的子视图控制器之间进行转换并且您只想确保一个子视图与前一个子视图位于同一位置（即规定了放置的所有唯一约束），则后一种模式非常有用通过容器视图，而不是每次都需要重建这些约束）。但是，如果只是执行简单的视图包含，那么对这个单独的容器视图的需求就不那么引人注目了。

在上面的示例中，我将 translatesAutosizingMaskIntoConstraints 设置为 false 自己定义约束。如果您愿意，您显然可以将 translatesAutosizingMaskIntoConstraints 保留为 true，并为您添加的视图设置 frame 和 autosizingMask。

请参阅此答案的先前修订以获取 Swift 3 and Swift 2 演绎版。

Answer 2

@Rob 在 Swift 3 中的回答：

    // add container

    let containerView = UIView()
    containerView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    view.addSubview(containerView)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
        containerView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor, constant: 10),
        containerView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor, constant: -10),
        containerView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor, constant: 10),
        containerView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor, constant: -10),
        ])

    // add child view controller view to container

    let controller = storyboard!.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "Second")
    addChildViewController(controller)
    controller.view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    containerView.addSubview(controller.view)

    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
        controller.view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.leadingAnchor),
        controller.view.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.trailingAnchor),
        controller.view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.topAnchor),
        controller.view.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: containerView.bottomAnchor)
        ])

    controller.didMove(toParentViewController: self)

Answer 3

详情

Xcode10.2 (10E125),Swift5

解决方案

import UIKit

class WeakObject {
    weak var object: AnyObject?
    init(object: AnyObject) { self.object = object}
}

class EmbedController {

    private weak var rootViewController: UIViewController?
    private var controllers = [WeakObject]()
    init (rootViewController: UIViewController) { self.rootViewController = rootViewController }

    func append(viewController: UIViewController) {
        guard let rootViewController = rootViewController else { return }
        controllers.append(WeakObject(object: viewController))
        rootViewController.addChild(viewController)
        rootViewController.view.addSubview(viewController.view)
    }

    deinit {
        if rootViewController == nil || controllers.isEmpty { return }
        for controller in controllers {
            if let controller = controller.object {
                controller.view.removeFromSuperview()
                controller.removeFromParent()
            }
        }
        controllers.removeAll()
    }
}

用法

class SampleViewController: UIViewController {
    private var embedController: EmbedController?

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        embedController = EmbedController(rootViewController: self)

        let newViewController = ViewControllerWithButton()
        newViewController.view.frame = CGRect(origin: CGPoint(x: 50, y: 150), size: CGSize(width: 200, height: 80))
        newViewController.view.backgroundColor = .lightGray
        embedController?.append(viewController: newViewController)
    }
}

完整样本

ViewController

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    private var embedController: EmbedController?
    private var button: UIButton?
    private let addEmbedButtonTitle = "Add embed"

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        button = UIButton(frame: CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 150, height: 20))
        button?.setTitle(addEmbedButtonTitle, for: .normal)
        button?.setTitleColor(.black, for: .normal)
        button?.addTarget(self, action: #selector(buttonTapped), for: .touchUpInside)
        view.addSubview(button!)

        print("viewDidLoad")
        printChildViewControllesInfo()
    }

    func addChildViewControllers() {

        var newViewController = ViewControllerWithButton()
        newViewController.view.frame = CGRect(origin: CGPoint(x: 50, y: 150), size: CGSize(width: 200, height: 80))
        newViewController.view.backgroundColor = .lightGray
        embedController?.append(viewController: newViewController)

        newViewController = ViewControllerWithButton()
        newViewController.view.frame = CGRect(origin: CGPoint(x: 50, y: 250), size: CGSize(width: 200, height: 80))
        newViewController.view.backgroundColor = .blue
        embedController?.append(viewController: newViewController)

        print("\nChildViewControllers added")
        printChildViewControllesInfo()
    }

    @objc func buttonTapped() {

        if embedController == nil {
            embedController = EmbedController(rootViewController: self)
            button?.setTitle("Remove embed", for: .normal)
            addChildViewControllers()
        } else {
            embedController = nil
            print("\nChildViewControllers removed")
            printChildViewControllesInfo()
            button?.setTitle(addEmbedButtonTitle, for: .normal)
        }
    }

    func printChildViewControllesInfo() {
        print("view.subviews.count: \(view.subviews.count)")
        print("childViewControllers.count: \(childViewControllers.count)")
    }
}

ViewControllerWithButton

import UIKit

class ViewControllerWithButton:UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    private func addButon() {
        let buttonWidth: CGFloat = 150
        let buttonHeight: CGFloat = 20
        let frame = CGRect(x: (view.frame.width-buttonWidth)/2, y: (view.frame.height-buttonHeight)/2, width: buttonWidth, height: buttonHeight)
        let button = UIButton(frame: frame)
        button.setTitle("Button", for: .normal)
        button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(buttonTapped), for: .touchUpInside)
        view.addSubview(button)
    }

    override func viewWillLayoutSubviews() {
        addButon()
    }

    @objc func buttonTapped() {
        print("Button tapped in \(self)")
    }
}

结果

Answer 4

这是我在 swift 5.

中的代码

class ViewEmbedder {

class func embed(
    parent:UIViewController,
    container:UIView,
    child:UIViewController,
    previous:UIViewController?){

    if let previous = previous {
        removeFromParent(vc: previous)
    }
    child.willMove(toParent: parent)
    parent.addChild(child)
    container.addSubview(child.view)
    child.didMove(toParent: parent)
    let w = container.frame.size.width;
    let h = container.frame.size.height;
    child.view.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: w, height: h)
}

class func removeFromParent(vc:UIViewController){
    vc.willMove(toParent: nil)
    vc.view.removeFromSuperview()
    vc.removeFromParent()
}

class func embed(withIdentifier id:String, parent:UIViewController, container:UIView, completion:((UIViewController)->Void)? = nil){
    let vc = parent.storyboard!.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: id)
    embed(
        parent: parent,
        container: container,
        child: vc,
        previous: parent.children.first
    )
    completion?(vc)
}

}

用法

@IBOutlet weak var container:UIView!

ViewEmbedder.embed(
    withIdentifier: "MyVC", // Storyboard ID
    parent: self,
    container: self.container){ vc in
    // do things when embed complete
}

使用非故事板视图控制器的其他嵌入函数。

如何以编程方式添加容器视图

How to add a Container View programmatically

ios

cocoa-touch

subview

uicontainerview

childviewcontroller

详情

解决方案

用法

完整样本

结果

用法