在 Angular 2 中测试 ngOnChanges 生命周期挂钩

Question

鉴于以下代码，我尝试测试 Angular2 的 ngOnChanges 生命周期钩子：

import {
    it,
    inject,
    fdescribe,
    beforeEachProviders,
} from '@angular/core/testing';

import {TestComponentBuilder} from '@angular/compiler/testing';

import {Component, OnChanges, Input} from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    selector: 'test',
    template: `<p>{{value}}</p>`,
})
export class TestComponent implements OnChanges {
    @Input() value: string;

    ngOnChanges(changes: {}): any {
        // should be called
    }
}

fdescribe('TestComponent', () => {
    let tcb: TestComponentBuilder;

    beforeEachProviders(() => [
        TestComponentBuilder,
        TestComponent,
    ]);

    beforeEach(inject([TestComponentBuilder], _tcb => {
        tcb = _tcb;
    }));

    it('should call ngOnChanges', done => {
        tcb.createAsync(TestComponent).then(fixture => {
            let testComponent: TestComponent = fixture.componentInstance;

            spyOn(testComponent, 'ngOnChanges').and.callThrough();

            testComponent.value = 'Test';
            fixture.detectChanges();

            expect(testComponent.ngOnChanges).toHaveBeenCalled();
            done();
        }).catch(e => done.fail(e));
    });
});

不幸的是，测试失败并显示消息 Expected spy ngOnChanges to have been called. 我知道我可以检查此示例中 HTML 元素的内容，但我有一些代码需要在其中进行测试ngOnChanes 生命周期挂钩，所以这不是我的解决方案。我也不想在测试中直接调用testComponent.ngOnChanges({someMockData});。

如何从测试中设置 TestComponent.value 以便调用 ngOnChanges？

Answer 1

我想我来晚了一点，不过这可能对将来的某些人有用。

自 angular 的 RC 5 发布以来，测试发生了一些变化。然而，这里的主要问题是 ngOnChanges 在以编程方式设置输入时不会被调用。 See this for more info。基本上 OnChanges 钩子被触发 当输入仅通过视图传递时 .

这个问题的解决方案是让主机组件成为测试组件的父组件，并通过主机组件的模板传递输入。

这是完整的工作代码：

import {Component, OnChanges, Input, ViewChild} from '@angular/core';
import { TestBed }      from '@angular/core/testing';

@Component({
    selector: 'test',
    template: `<p>{{value}}</p>`,
})
export class TestComponent implements OnChanges {
    @Input() value: string;

    ngOnChanges(changes: {}): any {
        // should be called
    }
}
/* In the host component's template we will pass the inputs to the actual
 * component to test, that is TestComponent in this case
 */
@Component({
    selector : `test-host-component`,
    template :
    `<div><test [value]="valueFromHost"></test></div>`
})
export class TestHostComponent {
    @ViewChild(TestComponent) /* using viewChild we get access to the TestComponent which is a child of TestHostComponent */
    public testComponent: any;
    public valueFromHost: string; /* this is the variable which is passed as input to the TestComponent */
}

describe('TestComponent', () => {

    beforeEach(() => {
        TestBed.configureTestingModule({declarations: [TestComponent,TestHostComponent]}); /* We declare both the components as part of the testing module */
    });

    it('should call ngOnChanges', ()=> {
        const fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestHostComponent);
        const hostComponent = fixture.componentInstance;
        hostComponent.valueFromHost = 'Test';
        const component = hostComponent.testComponent;
        spyOn(component, 'ngOnChanges').and.callThrough();
        fixture.detectChanges();
        expect(component.ngOnChanges).toHaveBeenCalled();
    })


});

Answer 2

您还可以选择手动调用 ngOnChanges 挂钩并在那里传递所需的更改对象。但是这并没有设置组件属性，只是调用了变化逻辑。

const previousValue = moment('2016-03-01T01:00:00Z');
const currentValue = moment('2016-02-28T01:00:00Z');

const changesObj: SimpleChanges = {
  prop1: new SimpleChange(previousValue, currentValue),
};

component.ngOnChanges(changesObj);

请注意，此方法可以很好地测试 ngOnChanges 内部的逻辑，但它不会测试 @Input 装饰器是否已正确设置。

Answer 3

在Angular 4、测试时要手动触发ngOnChanges()，需要手动调用（上面已经指出），只需要匹配new call signature of SimpleChange():

let prev_value = 'old';
let new_value = 'new';
let is_first_change: boolean = false;

component.ngOnChanges({
  prop1: new SimpleChange(prev_value, new_value, is_first_change),
});

在 Angular 2 中测试 ngOnChanges 生命周期挂钩

Testing ngOnChanges lifecycle hook in Angular 2

karma-jasmine

angular2-testing

angular2-components

angular