扩展方法和鸭子类型

Question

为什么尝试在字符串上调用 transform 时出现错误？

type Truck = Truck 
type Car = Car

type Vehicle<'a> =
    | TruckWrapper of Truck * 'a
    | CarWrapper of Car * 'a 

type Truck with
    member this.transform (x) = TruckWrapper(this, x)

type Car with
     member this.transform (x) = CarWrapper(this, x)

type System.String with 
    member this.transform (x) =
        match x with
        | "truck" -> TruckWrapper(Truck, this)
        | _ -> CarWrapper(Car, this)

let inline transform value x = (^T : (member transform : 'a -> Vehicle<'b>) (value, x))

let a = transform Truck 1
let b = transform Car (1, 2)
let c = transform "truck" 0

这将产生以下错误

let c = transform "truck" 0
------------------^^^^^^^

stdin(77,19): error FS0001: The type 'string' does not support the operator 'transform'

而

let d = "vehicle".transform("truck")

效果很好

Answer 1

不幸的是，扩展成员不能从成员约束中使用。这可以在编译器中实现，但我怀疑它会很快实现——据我所知，成员约束是 F# 团队的低优先级功能。

编辑：对于您自己的类型：发生的情况是，当您在与类型本身相同的模块中定义类型扩展时，它会被编译为您的类型的普通方法。如果将扩展移动到另一个模块，那么它会真正编译为扩展，您将看到与 System.String.

相同的行为

Answer 2

我不太确定 Gustavo 提到的替代方法是否适用于您的原始代码，因为 String 扩展方法与您的其他 transform 方法具有不同的签名，member transform : x:string -> Vehicle<System.String> 与member transform : x:'a -> Vehicle<'a>` 否则。

如果它们都具有相同的类型，则类似于：

type IntermediateVehicle = IntermediateVehicle with
    static member ($) (IntermediateVehicle, x : Truck) =
        fun value -> x.transform value
    static member ($) (IntermediateVehicle, x : Car) =
        fun value ->  x.transform value
    static member ($) (IntermediateVehicle, x : string) =
        fun value -> x.transform value

let inline transform value x = (IntermediateVehicle $ value) x

let a = transform Truck 1
let b = transform Car (1, 2)
let c = transform "truck" 0
// val a : Vehicle<int> = TruckWrapper (Truck,1)
// val b : Vehicle<int * int> = CarWrapper (Car,(1, 2))
// val c : Vehicle<int> = TruckWrapper (Truck,0)

扩展方法和鸭子类型

Extension Methods and Duck Typing

f#

extension-methods

duck-typing