jdk8 日期转换中的错误?

Bug in jdk8 date-conversion?

我正在为 java.util.Datejava.time.LocalDateTime[=40= 之间的 java-8 转换编写一些测试代码],并发现异常似乎发生在 从正常时间过渡到夏令时后的 小时,此时年份为 2038 年或更晚。

我只是想知道这是 jdk8 中的错误,还是我做错了什么?

注:我在Windows-7,64位jdk,所以应该不会受到2038的影响-unix bug,这会产生更糟糕的效果。

这是我的演示代码:

package conversiontest;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class ConversionTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ConversionTest().testDateConversion();
    }

    // Method under test:
    public java.util.Date toJavaUtilDate(LocalDateTime localDateTime) {
        return java.util.Date.from(localDateTime.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant());
    }

    // Test-code:
    public void testDateConversion() {
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(2016, 1, 1);
        LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.of(3, 22, 22); // 03:22:22
        while (!localDate.toString().startsWith("2045-")) {
            LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(localDate, localTime);
            java.util.Date date = toJavaUtilDate(localDateTime);
            String sLocalDateTime = localDateTime.toString().replace("T", " ");
            String sJavaUtilDate = sdf.format(date);
            if (!sLocalDateTime.equals(sJavaUtilDate)) {
                System.out.println(String.format("FAILURE: '%s' != '%s'", sLocalDateTime, sJavaUtilDate));
            }
            localDate = localDate.plusDays(1);
        }
    }

}

输出:

FAILURE: '2038-03-28 03:22:22' != '2038-03-28 02:22:22'
FAILURE: '2039-03-27 03:22:22' != '2039-03-27 02:22:22'
FAILURE: '2040-03-25 03:22:22' != '2040-03-25 02:22:22'
FAILURE: '2041-03-31 03:22:22' != '2041-03-31 02:22:22'
FAILURE: '2042-03-30 03:22:22' != '2042-03-30 02:22:22'
FAILURE: '2043-03-29 03:22:22' != '2043-03-29 02:22:22'
FAILURE: '2044-03-27 03:22:22' != '2044-03-27 02:22:22'

从输出中可以看出,LocalDateTime(2038-03-28 03:22:22) 转换为 java.util.Date(2038-03-28 02:22:22) 等。但是 not 当年份较低时比 2038.

有人对此有意见吗?

编辑:

我的 ZoneId.systemDefault() 给出:"Europe/Berlin"

C:\>java -version
java version "1.8.0_91"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_91-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.91-b15, mixed mode)

C:\>javac -version
javac 1.8.0_91

不同的结果源于切换到夏令时的不匹配,夏令时从 2038 年的日期开始。您可以使用以下代码可视化差异:

// for reproducible results
System.setProperty("user.timezone", "Europe/Berlin");

LocalDate[] dates = {LocalDate.of(2037, 3, 29), LocalDate.of(2038, 3, 28)};
LocalTime[] time  = { LocalTime.of(0, 59, 59), LocalTime.of(1, 00, 01),
                      LocalTime.of(1, 59, 59), LocalTime.of(2, 00, 01) };
for(LocalDate localDate : dates) {
    for(LocalTime localTime1 : time) {
        ZonedDateTime zoned = LocalDateTime.of(localDate, localTime1)
                             .atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC"))
                             .withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println(zoned);
        System.out.println(new java.util.Date(zoned.toEpochSecond()*1000));
    }
    System.out.println();
}

这将打印:

2037-03-29T01:59:59+01:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 29 01:59:59 CET 2037
2037-03-29T03:00:01+02:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 29 03:00:01 CEST 2037
2037-03-29T03:59:59+02:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 29 03:59:59 CEST 2037
2037-03-29T04:00:01+02:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 29 04:00:01 CEST 2037

2038-03-28T01:59:59+01:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 28 01:59:59 CET 2038
2038-03-28T03:00:01+02:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 28 02:00:01 CET 2038
2038-03-28T03:59:59+02:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 28 02:59:59 CET 2038
2038-03-28T04:00:01+02:00[Europe/Berlin]
Sun Mar 28 04:00:01 CEST 2038

如我们所见,两种实现都同意在 2037 年切换到夏令时的时刻,而 java.util.* 实现在 2038 年一小时后切换。

此行为变化源于 table of hardcoded transition times in sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo which has a finite size. As we can see at this point, the code branches depending on the index return by the method getTransitionIndex. If the index is equal or higher than the table length, it falls over to using a SimpleTimeZone implementation

我们可以验证是否发生了这种情况:

long l1 = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.of(2037, 3, 29), LocalTime.of(1, 00, 01))
                       .atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")).toInstant().getEpochSecond()*1000;
long l2 = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.of(2038, 3, 28), LocalTime.of(1, 00, 01))
                       .atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")).toInstant().getEpochSecond()*1000;

TimeZone zone=TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Berlin");
Field table=zone.getClass().getDeclaredField("transitions");
table.setAccessible(true);
System.out.println("table length="+((long[])table.get(zone)).length);

Method getTransitionIndex = zone.getClass()
    .getDeclaredMethod("getTransitionIndex", long.class, int.class);
getTransitionIndex.setAccessible(true);
final Integer UTC_TIME = 0;
int indexFor2037 = (Integer)getTransitionIndex.invoke(zone, l1, UTC_TIME);
System.out.println("index for 2037="+indexFor2037);
int indexFor2038 = (Integer)getTransitionIndex.invoke(zone, l2, UTC_TIME);
System.out.println("index for 2038="+indexFor2038);

在我的系统上打印:

table length=143
index for 2037=141
index for 2038=143

我不知道有任何计划在 2038 年更改夏令时切换,所以我认为 java.time 实施是正确的。同样明显的是,任何基于硬编码值的有限 table 的实现都有一个自然的限制......