取消引用新对象时移动语义和构造函数

Move semantics and constructors when dereferencing a new

我有以下代码 (http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/a0e5ff6ee73634ee):

#include <iostream    

class A {
  public:
  explicit A(int a)         {std::cout << "Main constructor" << std::endl;}
  A(const A& a)             {std::cout << "Copy constructor" << std::endl;}
  A& operator =(const A& a) {std::cout << "Copy assignment" << std::endl; return *this;}
  A(A&& a)                  {std::cout << "Move constructor" << std::endl;}
  A& operator =(A&& a)      {std::cout << "Move assignemnt" << std::endl; return *this;}
};

int main(void) {
    std::cout << "\nA a3(A(0))" << std::endl;
    A a3(A(0));
    std::cout << "\nA a31(std::move(A(0)))" << std::endl;
    A a31(std::move(A(0)));
    std::cout << "\nA a4(*(new A(0)))" << std::endl;
    A a4(*(new A(0)));
    std::cout << "\nA a41(std::move(*(new A(0))))" << std::endl;
    A a41(std::move(*(new A(0))));
}

这段代码写了以下内容:

A a3(A(0))
Main constructor  

-> 阅读 Move semantics and copy constructor 后,我假设发生了 RVO 并且 a3 接管了 A(0) 的构造内容。

A a31(std::move(A(0)))
Main constructor
Move constructor   

-> 确定

A a4(*(new A(0)))
Main constructor
Copy constructor    

-> 为什么这不是移动构造函数而不是复制构造函数?

A a41(std::move(*(new A(0))))
Main constructor
Move constructor  

-> 确定
编辑: 在更深入地分析问题之后,我意识到实际上 @sameerkn 是对的。然而,正如@Angew 建议的那样,我试图分析静态变量发生了什么:这些变量并没有像人们预期的那样移动(它们似乎被视为 const 变量)。 在这里查看完整代码: http://melpon.org/wandbox/permlink/RCntHB9dcefv93ID

以下代码:

A a1(testStatic(1));
A a2(std::move(*(a1.getPointer())));  <-- Moving a dereference
std::cout << "\na1.mValue = " << a1.mValue << std::endl;
std::cout << "a2.mValue = " << a2.mValue << std::endl;

会 return:

Main constructor: This is my long String that should not be SSOed [STATIC]
Copy constructor: This is my long String that should not be SSOed [STATIC]
return aLocal
Move constructor  <-- The dereferenced pointer is moved as expected
Destructor: [mValue moved away]   <-- See here that the string was moved away
Move constructor  <-- Moved again because of std::move
A a4(*(new A(0)))
Main constructor
Copy constructor    

-> Why is not this a move constructor instead of the Copy constructor ?

因为取消引用指针会给出左值引用。指针本身是右值这一事实没有任何作用——为什么要这样呢?您可以很容易地让右值指针指向绝对不是右值的东西。示例:

std::string s{"42"};

std::string* getPointer()
{
  return &s;
}

int main()
{
  std::string x(*getPointer());
  std::cout << s;
}

getPointer返回的指针是一个右值,就像new A返回的指针一样。但是您肯定不会期望代码将s的内容移动到x,对吗?

new A(0);

正在通过 "new" 创建一个对象。 (注意:它创建了一个纯对象,该对象具有一个标识,该标识可以由代码中 "new" 返回的地址标识,并且该对象可用于代码以供其使用,绝不是一个临时的无名对象。 )

并将语义工作转移到其身份不可利用的纯临时对象上。