将子 class 对象分配给父 class 的对象

Assigning a child class object to an object of the parent class

我正在实现一个我一直在努力的网络库,但我在使用其中一个服务器系统时遇到了困难。

在库中,我有一个名为 ConnectedClient 的 class,它是在远程客户端连接到服务器时创建的。换句话说,当服务器接收到连接时,它会创建一个 ConnectedClient 对象,并将该对象传递给重写的方法。

这里是相关的服务器代码:

public void run() {
        if (IsConnectionActive()) {
            System.err.println("Cannot initialize server. Server is already running: " + serverSocket);
            return;
        }

        System.out.println("Initializing multiclient server...");
        try {
            Init();
            System.out.println("Server Initialized.");
            threadActive = true;
        } catch (ServerInitializeException e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            return;
        }

        System.out.println("Waiting for client connections...");

        while (threadActive) {
            try {
                Socket s = serverSocket.accept();
                ConnectedClient temp = new ConnectedClient(s);
                connectedClients.add(temp);
                System.out.println("Client connection caught and initialized. Client: " + s);
                System.out.println("Connection with " + s + " now listening for incoming packets.");
                ThreadAction(temp);
                CleanClientList();
            } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.err.println("Error accepting a client. Connection refused and reset.");
            } catch (ConnectionInitializationException e) {
                System.err.println(e.getMessage() + " Connection refused and reset.");
            }
        }
    }

    protected void ThreadAction(ConnectedClient client) {

    }

方法 ThreadAction 被最终用户客户端覆盖,这就是接受新连接的方式。

这里是 ConnectedClient 代码:

public class ConnectedClient extends Connection implements Runnable {

    public ConnectedClient(Socket socket) throws ConnectionInitializationException {
        connectedSocket = socket;
        OpenIOStreams();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (IsConnectionActive()) {
            try {
                ThreadAction(ReceivePacket());
            } catch (ReadPacketException e) {
                System.err.println(e.getMessage() + " Closing connection.");
                try {
                    CloseIOStreams();
                } catch (ConnectionException e1) {
                    System.err.println(e.getMessage());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void ThreadAction(Packet p) {
        if (p.packetType == Packet.PACKET_TYPE.Message)
            System.out.println(p.packetString);
        else if (p.packetType == Packet.PACKET_TYPE.CloseConnection) {
            System.out.println("Client wishes to close connection. Closing.");
            try {
                CloseIOStreams();
            } catch (ConnectionException e) {
                System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            }
        } else {
        }
    }
}

*它扩展出来的classConnection只是一个包含更多变量的蓝图

在实现中,我覆盖了服务器方法,如下所示:

public Server(int port) {
        super(port);
        clients = new ArrayList<ClientConnection>();
        clientThreads = new ArrayList<Thread>();
    }

    @Override
    public void ThreadAction(ConnectedClient cc) {
        // ClientConnection temp = (ClientConnection) cc;
        // clients.add(temp);



        Thread t = new Thread(cc);
        clientThreads.add(t);
        t.start();
    }

一切正常,我可以访问服务器中的 ConnectedClient 对象,发送和接收默认消息等。但是,当我尝试修改我的 ConnectedClient ThreadAction(Packet) 方法。起初,我尝试创建 ConnectedClient class 的扩展,这里:

public class ClientConnection extends ConnectedClient {

    public ClientConnection(Socket socket) throws ConnectionInitializationException {
        super(socket);
    }

    @Override
    public void ThreadAction(Packet p) {

    }

}

然而,当我试图在我的服务器 ThreadAction(Packet) 方法中将一个新对象分配给传递的对象时(如我在该方法中的注释所示),抛出了一个异常,提示我无法转换 ConnectedClientClientConnection.

那么,如何覆盖我的 ConnectedClient ThreadAction(Packet) 方法,并在我的服务器中将其用于传递的对象?例如,如果我希望我的 ConnectedClient ThreadAction(Packet) 每次客户端向服务器发送数据包时打印出 "packet received",而不是数据包的消息,我如何重写方法来执行此操作,而不更改图书馆?

抱歉,如果我不清楚,或者没有提供足够的信息,我有点慌乱,因为我已经在这个问题上工作了几天,现在它让我变得更好了。如果需要,我可以提供更多信息。

感谢您的帮助!

为什么不更改以下 server 代码:

ConnectedClient temp = new ConnectedClient(s);
connectedClients.add(temp);
System.out.println("Client connection caught and initialized. Client: " + s);
System.out.println("Connection with " + s + " now listening for incoming packets.");
ThreadAction(temp);

至:

ClientConnection temp = new ClientConnection(s); // only this is changed
connectedClients.add(temp);
System.out.println("Client connection caught and initialized. Client: " + s);
System.out.println("Connection with " + s + " now listening for incoming packets.");
ThreadAction(temp);

我认为您不会得到: cannot cast ConnectedClient to ClientConnection 更改后。您可以用自己的方式覆盖 ClientConnection.ThreadAction。请告诉我它是否有效。

However, when I tried to assign a new object to the passed object in my server ThreadAction(Packet) method (as shown in my comments within that method), an exception was thrown saying that I cannot cast ConnectedClient to ClientConnection.

不能ConnectedClient转换为ClientConnectionClientConnectionConnectedClient 的子对象 class,因此无法进行转换 - 如果要转换为父对象,则只能将一个对象转换为另一个对象。也就是说,您只能将 ClientConnection 转换为 ConnectedClient.

想想 classes java.lang.Stringjava.lang.Object。您可以将 String 转换为 Object,因为 String 是对象的子对象 class,因此是 Object,您不能将 ObjectString 因为无法验证 Object 是否确实是 String。这就是为什么你不能投射你的对象。


您要做的是创建一个可以将两者转换的方法。这个方法应该接受一个ConnectedClient和return一个ClientConnection.

public static ClientConnection conntectedClientToClientConnection(ConnectedClient client){
    //Make a ClientConnection that represents the ConnectionClient object
    //Return it
}

您还可以在 ClientConnection 中创建一个接受 ConnectionClient.

的构造函数

在 method/constructor 内,您将需要 "copy the variables"。也就是说,确保 ClientConnection 对象中的所有变量与 ConnectionClient 对象中的变量相同。


您可以尝试的另一件事是更改服务器代码中的代码 class。

改变这个:

Socket s = serverSocket.accept();
ConnectedClient temp = new ConnectedClient(s);
connectedClients.add(temp);
System.out.println("Client connection caught and initialized. Client: " + s);
System.out.println("Connection with " + s + " now listening for incoming packets.");
ThreadAction(temp);
CleanClientList();

为此:

Socket s = serverSocket.accept();
ClientConnection temp = new ClientConnection(s); //Changed this line
connectedClients.add(temp);
System.out.println("Client connection caught and initialized. Client: " + s);
System.out.println("Connection with " + s + " now listening for incoming packets.");
ThreadAction(temp);
CleanClientList();

如果 ClientConnection class 也有一个接受套接字的构造函数,这将满足您的要求。