通过python脚本启动停止服务和关机

Question

首先，我在这里完全是菜鸟，请原谅如果这是一个愚蠢的问题或违反了一些网络礼节 rule.This 是我在 unix/programming 世界的第一次尝试我正在尝试制作一个基于覆盆子的网络摄像头机器人。我想通过网页/python 脚本来控制它。我正在尝试按照本教程进行操作 http://blog.ramon.no/2013/06/build-simple-internet-controlled-webcam.html

我使用 motion 而不是 mjpeg-streamer 设置 raspberry 以在网络上进行流式传输 page.Now 我正在尝试从网页停止启动流并关闭 raspberry。这是我在论坛上阅读后得出的结果，但它不起作用。我设法连续三次关闭树莓派，但我改变了一些东西，现在我不能再这样做了

elif action == "shutdown":
print "Attempting to shut down"
call(["sudo", "shutdown", "-h", "now"])
elif action == "startstream":
    import os
os.system("sudo service motion start")
elif action == "stopstream":
    import os
os.system("sudo service motion stop" )

如果我按下启动/停止流没有任何反应如果我按下关闭我收到 500 错误

我授予了 www

的用户权限

sudo nano /etc/sudoers
www-data ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

执行脚本

chmod +x rambot.py

这是 apache 错误日志

[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:38 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:39 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]    ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:37:41 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:18 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]        ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]  , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] : , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:19 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] elif action == "stopstream":, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]        ^, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:38:59 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] Premature end of script headers: rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:39:01 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]   File ", referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:39:01 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] /usr/lib/cgi-bin/rambot.py, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:39:01 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] ", line , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:39:01 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] 87, referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:39:01 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5] , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/
[Tue Feb 24 09:39:01 2015] [error] [client 192.168.0.5]     , referer: http://192.168.0.10:8083/

Answer 1

我看到缩进有偏差。如果这不是错字，请缩进如下：

elif action == "shutdown":
    print "Attempting to shut down"
    call(["sudo", "shutdown", "-h", "now"])
elif action == "startstream":
    import os
    os.system("sudo service motion start")
elif action == "stopstream":
    import os
    os.system("sudo service motion stop" )

如果这不是问题所在，抱歉我不确定。

Answer 2

您可以使用 OS 库中包含的进程管理函数来实现它：

http://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#process-managment

Answer 3

建议使用 subprocess 模块执行命令，而不是 os.system() 函数。参考：https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.system

The subprocess module provides more powerful facilities for spawning new processes and retrieving their results; using that module is preferable to using this function

此外，在脚本开头加载您需要的模块更为标准。

你可以这样做:

import subprocess
[...]
elif action == "shutdown":
    print "Attempting to shut down"
    return_code = subprocess.call(['sudo', 'shutdown', '-h', 'now'])
elif action == "startstream":
    return_code = subprocess.call(['sudo', 'service', 'motion', 'start'])
elif action == "stopstream":
    return_code = subprocess.call(['sudo', 'service', 'motion', 'stop'])

如果你想获得命令的输出，你可以使用 subprocess.check_output() 而不是 subprocess.call() :

cmd_output = subprocess.check_output(['sudo', 'service', 'apache2', 'status']) 
print(cmd_output)
cmd_output = cmd_output.decode('utf-8').strip('\n\r')
print(cmd_output)

这会打印：

b'Apache2 is running (pid 2024).\n'
Apache2 is running (pid 2024).

注意：我只用了python3，希望这里用python2没有区别。

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