无法使用 sqlite 数据库中的数据填充列表视图

Cant populate list view with data from sqlite database

我正在尝试学习 Android 开发。作为一个学习项目,我正在创建一个 'To Do' 应用程序。

我正在尝试用我的 table 中的数据填充列表,这是我目前所拥有的:

ListCursorAdapter.java

    package com.ryansmurphy.listado;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Created by ryanmurphy on 24/02/15.
 */
public class ListCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter {

    public ListCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor cursor) {
        super(context, cursor, 0);
    }

    @Override
    public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
        return LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_todo, parent, false);
    }

    public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
        // Find fields to populate in inflated template
        TextView todo = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.todoText);
        // Extract properties from cursor
        String todoTextDB = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("todo"));
        // Populate fields with extracted properties
        todo.setText(todoTextDB);
    }
}

这里有两个错误:

  1. extends cursor。我收到错误 Cannot resolve symbol.
  2. super(context, cursor, 0);。我收到错误 Object() in Object cannot be applied to.

DatabaseHelper.java

package com.ryansmurphy.listado;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

/**
 * Created by ryanmurphy on 23/02/15.
 */
public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    // Database Version
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

    // Database Name
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "listado";

    // Table Name
    private static final String TABLE_TODO = "todos";


    // Column names
    private static final String KEY_ID = "id";
    private static final String KEY_TODO = "todo";
    private static final String KEY_STATUS = "status";
    private static final String KEY_CREATED_AT = "created_at";


    // Table Create Statements
    // Todo table create statement
    private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TODO = "CREATE TABLE "
            + TABLE_TODO + "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + KEY_TODO
            + " TEXT," + KEY_STATUS + " INTEGER," + KEY_CREATED_AT
            + " DATETIME" + ")";

    public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

        // creating required table
        db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TODO);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        // on upgrade drop older tables
        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TODO);

        // create new tables
        onCreate(db);
    }

    public void addRecord()
    {
        SQLiteDatabase database = getWritableDatabase();
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("todo", "todo example");
        values.put("status", "not completed");
        database.insert("todos", null, values);
        database.close();
    }

    public Cursor getAll()
    {
        SQLiteDatabase database = getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery("select * from todos",null);
        return cursor;
    }
}

现在我的列表视图单行 xml: list_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/todoText"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="24dp"
        android:padding="6dp" />
</LinearLayout>

ActivityMain.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <TextView android:text="To Do List" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/title" />
    <ListView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_below="@id/title"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="42dp" />
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.Java

package com.ryansmurphy.listado;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.ListView;


public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ListView lvItems = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
        // Setup cursor adapter using cursor from last step
        DatabaseHelper db = new DatabaseHelper();
        Cursor allRows = db.getAll();
        ListCursorAdapter todoAdapter = new ListCursorAdapter(this, allRows);
        //Attach cursor adapter to the ListView
        lvItems.setAdapter(todoAdapter);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        if(id == R.id.addItem)
        {
            addItem();
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    public void addItem()
    {
        Intent addItemIntent= new Intent(MainActivity.this, AddItem.class);
        startActivity(addItemIntent);
    }
}

这里有两个错误:

  1. DatabaseHelper db = new DatabaseHelper();。我收到错误 DatabaseHelper(Context) in DatabaseHelper cannot be applied.
  2. lvItems.setAdapter(todoAdapter);。我收到错误 setAdapter(android.widget.ListAdapter) in ListView cannot be applied.

以上是我通过谷歌搜索、尝试和尝试得到的。我从来不知道我从一开始就在做什么,但我正在慢慢地接受这个,并且想知道你们是否可以在走到这一步之后帮助我。谢谢

我将您的代码复制到一个新项目并进行了一些改动以使其正常运行。我完全剥离了一些区域 - 例如,getAll() 方法,我用 MainActivity 中的查询替换了它。 Here is what the application looks like on first loading, and here 是点击 "add" 几次后的样子。

就其价值而言,我认为有更简单的方法可以实现这一点 - 例如,通过使用 SimpleCursorAdapter,这将不需要创建您自己的自定义 Adapter class,并让您的 MainActivity 扩展 ListActivityListFragment。但是,我一直坚持使用你的方法。

除了删除 getAll() 方法外,我还对 DatabaseHelper 进行了以下小改动:

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
    db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE todos (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, todo TEXT, status INTEGER, created_at INTEGER);");
}

@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
    Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "onUpgrade: this is  not required.");
}

我更改了冗长的串联 String CEATE_TABLE_TODO,因为我觉得它更容易阅读。我还更改了列,以便它们包含文本和数字的混合。我还将 onUpgrade() 方法换成了一条简单的错误消息,因为我们不应该在测试期间使用 onUpgrade(),因为只有在升级已经发布的应用程序时才需要它。

我对 ListCursorAdapter 做了一些小改动,以便信息显示一些有用的信息 - 在本例中,String 位于 cursor.getString(1)(第一列)。

public class ListCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter {

LayoutInflater inflater;

public ListCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor cursor) {
    super(context, cursor, 0);
    inflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}

@Override
public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
    return inflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, parent, false);
}

@Override
public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
    TextView todo = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.todoText);
    String todoTextDB = cursor.getString(1);
    todo.setText(todoTextDB);
}
}

MainActivity中,你的DatabaseHelper需要一个context参数,我用this实现了。 (如果你回头看看 DatabaseHelper:

中的构造函数,你会看到这一点
public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }

除此之外,我所做的唯一重大更改是将 DatabaseHelper query 移动到 MainActivity 中,我将其放入名为 runCursor() 的方法中,这样我们就可以每次我们使用 addItem() 添加新项目时更新我们的 ListView

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

DatabaseHelper db;
ListView lv;
ListCursorAdapter adapter;
Cursor allRows;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    db = new DatabaseHelper(this);

    lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
    adapter = new ListCursorAdapter(this, runCursor());
    lv.setAdapter(adapter);
}

@Override
public void onDestroy(){
    if (allRows != null) {
        allRows.close();
    }
    adapter.getCursor().close();
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
    return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    int id = item.getItemId();
    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
        return true;
    }

    if(id == R.id.addItem)
    {
        addItem();
    }

    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

public void addItem()
{
   db.addRecord();
    adapter.changeCursor(runCursor());
}

Cursor runCursor() {
    Cursor allRows = null;
    allRows = db.getReadableDatabase().query(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_TODO,
            new String[] {DatabaseHelper.KEY_ID, DatabaseHelper.KEY_TODO},
            null, null, null, null, null);
    return allRows;
    }
}

我还应该提到,我通过重写 onDestroy() 显式关闭了所有游标对象,因为它们很容易发生内存泄漏。我还没有在这里做的最后一句话是,最好将任何游标 query() 移动到后台线程,如 AsyncTask。我推荐 Android Developer page 上有更多关于 Cursor 的信息!希望这有用!