Unicode Objects must be encoded before hashing 错误

Question

处理类似问题的问题：SO 1, SO 2, 。

我试过他们的答案，将几乎所有字符串编码为 utf-8，但 hmac 仍然告诉我编码我的 unicoe 字符。最大的问题是我什至无法识别有问题的变量；打印输出告诉我它们是 strings 或 bytes；对于前者，我附加了 .encode()，但这并没有帮助。

我正在尝试查询 GDAX API，我也在 using the code as given on their API page。为 Python2.7 编写，我认为编码和所有问题可能存在问题，但这对我来说没有意义。

我的代码：

class CoinbaseExchangeAuth(AuthBase):
    def __init__(self, api_key, secret_key, passphrase):
        self.api_key = api_key.encode()
        self.secret_key = secret_key.encode()
        self.passphrase = passphrase.encode()

    def __call__(self, request):
        timestamp = str(time.time())
        message = timestamp + request.method + request.path_url + (request.body or '')
        hmac_key = base64.b64decode(self.secret_key)
    #print(hmac_key, type(hmac_key))
    #print(message, type(message))
    signature = hmac.new(hmac_key, message, hashlib.sha256)

    signature_b64 = signature.digest().encode('base64').rstrip('\n')


    request.headers.update({
        'CB-ACCESS-SIGN': signature_b64,
        'CB-ACCESS-TIMESTAMP': timestamp,
        'CB-ACCESS-KEY': self.api_key,
        'CB-ACCESS-PASSPHRASE': self.passphrase,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    })
    return request

错误：

File "F:\git\knowhere\Private\bitex-crawler\gdax_client\gdaxex\api.py", line 47, in __call__
signature = hmac.new(hmac_key, message, hashlib.sha256)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\hmac.py", line 144, in new
return HMAC(key, msg, digestmod)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\hmac.py", line 84, in __init__
self.update(msg)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\hmac.py", line 93, in update
self.inner.update(msg)
TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing

当我键入检查我提供给 hmac.new() 调用的对象时，它告诉我我有一个 str 对象和一个 bytes 对象。

print(type(hmac_key)) # <bytes>
print(type(message))  # <str>

当然，我想我也需要对那个笨蛋进行编码：

signature = hmac.new(hmac_key, message.encode(), hashlib.sha256)

导致此行出错：

signature_b64 = signature.digest().encode('base64').rstrip('\n')

即：

File "F:/git/knowhere/Private/bitex-crawler/gdax_client/client.py",
[..]
File "F:\git\knowhere\Private\bitex-crawler\gdax_client\gdaxex\api.py", line 123, in _query
r = api_query(url, json=req, auth=auth)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 67, in get
return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 53, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 454, in request
prep = self.prepare_request(req)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 388, in prepare_request
hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 297, in prepare
self.prepare_auth(auth, url)
File "C:\Users\nls\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 490, in prepare_auth
r = auth(self)
File "F:\git\knowhere\Private\bitex-crawler\gdax_client\gdaxex\api.py", line 49, in __call__
signature_b64 = signature.digest().encode('base64').rstrip('\n')
AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'encode'

..所以我不能有未编码的 unicode 对象，但我以后也不能有字节？我到底该如何解决这个问题？感谢对此的任何帮助，因为我非常困惑。

Answer 1

"Parameter msg can be of any type supported by hashlib.".

"Note: Feeding string objects into is not supported, as hashes work on bytes, not on characters.".

因此，您的消息必须是 bytes 类型。在消息上使用 .encode() 会给你字节对象。

注意：这仅对 python 3!

是必需的

要将摘要编码为 base64，请使用 base64 library。

import base64
signature_b64 = base64.b64encode(signature.digest())

Answer 2

对于 Python 3.9，我遇到了同样的错误，

self._inner.update(msg) TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing

以下对我有用，

signature = hmac.new(key.encode('utf-8'), msg.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256)
auth_token = str(signature.hexdigest())

Unicode Objects must be encoded before hashing 错误

Unicode Objects must be encoded before hashing error

python

encode

hmac

python-3.x