无法安装 mahotas，安装 python-dev 也没有修复错误

Question

我正在研究一本教科书，其中一个示例需要 python 的 mahotas。我立马尝试用pip安装，马上报错：

 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DNPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=NPY_1_7_API_VERSION -DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=Mahotas_PyArray_API_Symbol -I/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c mahotas/_convex.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/mahotas/_convex.o
    cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
    In file included from mahotas/numpypp/array.hpp:17:0,
                     from mahotas/_convex.cpp:7:
    mahotas/numpypp/numpy.hpp:10:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
     #include <Python.h>
                    ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

 ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-kzn3_c4k/mahotas/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-y19bwul7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-kzn3_c4k/mahotas/

现在，在查找其他 #include <Python.h> 和 error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc 错误后，我一直被告知要安装 python-dev。不幸的是，这也立即失败，因为 python-dev 已经是最新版本，对于 python3-dev 我得到这个：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
python3-dev : Depends: libpython3-dev (= 3.4.0-0ubuntu2) but it is not going to be installed
             Depends: python3.4-dev (>= 3.4.0-0~) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

当我尝试安装它们时？

答：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libpython3-dev : Depends: libpython3.4-dev (>= 3.4.0-0~) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

然后：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libpython3.4-dev : Depends: libpython3.4-stdlib (= 3.4.0-2ubuntu1) but 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3 is to be installed
                    Depends: libpython3.4 (= 3.4.0-2ubuntu1) but 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

乙：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 python3.4-dev : Depends: python3.4 (= 3.4.0-2ubuntu1) but 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3 is to be installed
                 Depends: libpython3.4-dev (= 3.4.0-2ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: libpython3.4 (= 3.4.0-2ubuntu1) but 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

这是一个兔子洞。我该如何逃脱？

Answer 1

（这里是 mahotas 的作者）。

您的 Ubuntu 安装现在处于一些奇怪的状态 Python-dev 包。我建议摆脱兔子洞是使用 Anaconda：https://www.continuum.io/why-anaconda

然后就可以从conda-forge项目中获取mahotas了：https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/mahotas

Conda-forge 是一个社区项目，它会保持最新状态。 Anaconda 还有其他优点。

Answer 2

如果你已经安装了Anaconda，可以在命令行输入以下代码：

conda install -c conda-forge mahotas

对我有用

无法安装 mahotas，安装 python-dev 也没有修复错误

Can't install mahotas, and installing python-dev didn't fix the error

python

gcc

compiler-errors

g++

mahotas