底图和 Fiona 不会安装用于处理 iPython 笔记本中的地图和 shp 文件

Question

我是 python 的一名相对较新的学生，仍在寻找自己的出路大约。我通常通过堆栈溢出很快找到答案，但是这个让我难住了

我根本无法获得用于 ipython 笔记本的形状和地图文件。我似乎无法安装底图或 fiona

命令如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
from matplotlib.colors import Normalize
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiPolygon
from shapely.prepared import prep
from pysal.esda.mapclassify import Natural_Breaks as nb
from descartes import PolygonPatch
import fiona
from itertools import chain

错误：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-120-17f76aeda5fd> in <module>()
      3 from matplotlib.colors import Normalize
      4 from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
----> 5 from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
      6 from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiPolygon
      7 from shapely.prepared import prep

ImportError: No module named 'mpl_toolkits.basemap'

fiona 和其他组件出现类似错误。请问我做错了什么？

我过去安装过 matplotlib 和其他组件没有问题我试过这样使用 pip 命令：

!conda install basemap
!pip install pyshp 
!pip install fiona
!pip install descartes

输出：

Using Anaconda Cloud api site https://api.anaconda.org
...The following specifications were found to be in conflict:
  - basemap -> matplotlib
  - basemap -> numpy 1.10*|1.7*|1.8*|1.9*
  - basemap -> python 2.7*
  - conda -> conda-env *|<2.5|>=2.5.0
  - conda -> menuinst
  - conda -> pycosat
  - conda -> python 2.7*
  - conda -> pyyaml
  - conda -> requests
  - conda-env (target=conda-env-2.4.5-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - cycler (target=cycler-0.10.0-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.7*|3.4*|3.5*
  - cycler (target=cycler-0.10.0-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> six
  - matplotlib (target=matplotlib-1.5.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> numpy 1.10*|1.11*|1.6*|1.7*|1.8*|1.9*
  - matplotlib (target=matplotlib-1.5.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> pyqt
  - matplotlib (target=matplotlib-1.5.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - matplotlib (target=matplotlib-1.5.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python-dateutil
  - matplotlib (target=matplotlib-1.5.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> pytz
  - matplotlib (target=matplotlib-1.5.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> tk 8.5.*
  - menuinst (target=menuinst-1.3.2-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - mkl-service (target=mkl-service-1.1.2-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - nose (target=nose-1.3.7-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - numexpr (target=numexpr-2.5-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> numpy 1.11*|1.6*
  - numexpr (target=numexpr-2.5-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - numpy (target=numpy-1.10.4-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> nose
  - numpy (target=numpy-1.10.4-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.7*
  - pip (target=pip-8.1.1-py35_1.tar.bz2) -> python 2.7*
  - pycosat (target=pycosat-0.6.1-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - pyparsing (target=pyparsing-2.0.3-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - pyqt (target=pyqt-4.11.4-py35_5.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - pyqt (target=pyqt-4.11.4-py35_5.tar.bz2) -> qt >=4.8.6|>=4.8.7
  - pyqt (target=pyqt-4.11.4-py35_5.tar.bz2) -> sip >=4.16.4
  - python 3.5*
  - python-dateutil (target=python-dateutil-2.5.1-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - pytz (target=pytz-2016.2-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - pyyaml (target=pyyaml-3.11-py35_3.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - qt (target=qt-4.8.7-vc14_7.tar.bz2) -> @vc10
  - qt (target=qt-4.8.7-vc14_7.tar.bz2) -> @vc14
  - qt (target=qt-4.8.7-vc14_7.tar.bz2) -> @vc9
  - requests (target=requests-2.9.1-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - scikit-learn (target=scikit-learn-0.17.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> nose
  - scikit-learn (target=scikit-learn-0.17.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> numpy 1.11*|1.6*
  - scikit-learn (target=scikit-learn-0.17.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - scikit-learn (target=scikit-learn-0.17.1-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> scipy
  - scipy (target=scipy-0.17.0-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> numpy 1.11*|1.6*
  - scipy (target=scipy-0.17.0-np110py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - setuptools (target=setuptools-20.3-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - sip (target=sip-4.16.9-py35_2.tar.bz2) -> python 2.7*|3.4*|3.5*
  - six (target=six-1.10.0-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.6*|2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
  - tk (target=tk-8.5.18-vc14_0.tar.bz2) -> @vc10
  - tk (target=tk-8.5.18-vc14_0.tar.bz2) -> @vc14
  - tk (target=tk-8.5.18-vc14_0.tar.bz2) -> @vc9
  - wheel (target=wheel-0.29.0-py35_0.tar.bz2) -> python 2.7*|3.3*|3.4*|3.5*
Use "conda info <package>" to see the dependencies for each package.
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyshp in c:\users\i\anaconda3\lib\site-packages
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 8.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Collecting fiona
  Using cached Fiona-1.7.0.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\i\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-30kz6icw\fiona\setup.py",
line 198, in <module>
        copy_gdalapi_c(gdalversion)
    NameError: name 'gdalversion' is not defined

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\i\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-30kz6icw\fiona\
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 8.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): descartes in c:\users\i\anaconda3\lib\site-packages
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 8.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

笔记本服务器的版本是 4.1.0，运行是 Python 3.5.1 |蟒蛇 4.0.0（32 位）| （默认，2016 年 3 月 4 日，15:28:01）[MSC v.1900 32 位（英特尔）]

Answer 1

我建议使用 conda-forge channel 安装那些带有 conda 的软件包。在命令行上：

conda install -c conda-forge pyshp fiona descartes

使用 pip 在 windows 上安装将不起作用（你需要正确的编译器，除非 PyPI 上提供了二进制轮，但这些包不是这种情况）

conda-forge 频道是社区主导的 conda 软件包集合。

Answer 2

如果您还没有安装 Anaconda，更简单的解决方案是从系统的包管理器中安装 libgdal-dev。例如，sudo apt-get install libgdal-dev.

底图和 Fiona 不会安装用于处理 iPython 笔记本中的地图和 shp 文件

Basemap and Fiona won't install for processing of maps & shp files in iPython Notebook

python

pandas

matplotlib-basemap

geopandas