Memcached 响应时间过长

Memcached get taking too long to respond

我对 memcached 有一个奇怪的问题。我搜索了 here, here, here, here and few other places 关于我的查询。所以我有两个页面 index.phpindex2.php(请不要介意文件命名)。

index.php 包含以下代码:

<?php
    $data = file_get_contents('test.txt');
    echo "done";

并且index2.php包含以下代码:

<?php
function file_get_contents_new($filename, $memcache){
    $time = filemtime($filename);
    $hash = md5($filename.$time);
    $content = $memcache->get($hash);
    if($content){
        return $content;
    }
    $content = file_get_contents($filename);
    $memcache->set($hash, $content, 10000);
    return $content;
}
$memcache = new Memcached;
$memcache->addServer('localhost', 11211);
file_get_contents_new('test.txt', $memcache);
echo "done";

还有一个文件 test.txt,其中 html 来源来自一个随机站点,大约 58967 个字符,大约 57.6kb.

现在,当我尝试分析 index.php 时,我得到了以下分析结果(我使用 xdebug 进行分析,使用 phpstorm 查看数据):

现在,当我尝试分析 index2.php 时,我得到以下快照:

我们可以清楚地看到 $memcache->get() 花费了很长时间,这没有多大意义,因为我在本地计算机上 运行 Memcached。

然后我想也许这只是一些错误并尝试了 apache 的基准测试工具 ab。我执行的确切命令是 ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://localhost/index.php 这非常快,结果是:

Server Software:        Apache/2.4.20
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.php
Document Length:        4 bytes

Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   0.555 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      2030000 bytes
HTML transferred:       40000 bytes
Requests per second:    18025.33 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       5.548 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.055 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          3573.38 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       1
Processing:     1    5   0.8      5      19
Waiting:        1    5   0.7      5      19
Total:          2    5   0.7      5      19

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%      5
  66%      6
  75%      6
  80%      6
  90%      6
  95%      7
  98%      7
  99%      8
 100%     19 (longest request)

然后我做了下面的测试ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://localhost/index2.php

Server Software:        Apache/2.4.20
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index2.php
Document Length:        4 bytes

Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   9.044 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      2030000 bytes
HTML transferred:       40000 bytes
Requests per second:    1105.72 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       90.439 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.904 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          219.20 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       1
Processing:     6   79  71.1     76    5090
Waiting:        6   79  71.1     76    5090
Total:          7   79  71.1     76    5090

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     76
  66%     78
  75%     79
  80%     81
  90%     85
  95%     89
  98%     93
  99%    107
 100%   5090 (longest request)

这很慢而且很奇怪。为什么从内存读取比从辅助存储读取慢。或者他们是否在 file_get_contents

上实现了一些缓存

我正在使用的计算机非常强大,配置如下:

编辑:正如@ShiraNai7 评论的那样,我尝试将我的服务器 URL 更改为 127.0.0.1,以下是 apache 基准测试工具的结果

Server Software:        Apache/2.4.20
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index2.php
Document Length:        4 bytes

Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   11.611 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      2030000 bytes
HTML transferred:       40000 bytes
Requests per second:    861.25 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       116.111 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1.161 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          170.74 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    3  47.0      0    1009
Processing:     6  113  67.6    105     633
Waiting:        6  111  67.1    103     633
Total:          6  116  82.5    106    1197

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    106
  66%    135
  75%    153
  80%    167
  90%    204
  95%    235
  98%    286
  99%    334
 100%   1197 (longest request)

这是一个改进,但不是很多。而且我不明白为什么 dns 查找需要这么长时间,因为它在 /etc/hosts 上并且它位于我的本地计算机上。

编辑:我还试图查看是否有任何 APC 正在进行,我找不到我确实找到了 Opcache 模块。这就是 file_get_contents 更快的原因吗?

我有 hosted 一个 jsbin,您可以在其中查看我的 phpinfo 在我的机器中的样子。

嗯,我发现了这个问题背后的奥秘。第一条线索是 file_get_contents 非常快。即使我使用的是 SSD,也不应该那么快。于是翻了一晚上,发现了一些有趣的信息。

因为file_get_contents也在返回缓存信息。 PHP 本身不包含缓存,但 linux 系统内置了文件缓存,这使得重复访问数据的速度非常快。

参考:page cache