如何在我的 Django 博客上添加类别

Question

我使用 djangogirls.com 教程开发了一个 django 博客应用程序。我正在尝试添加博客类别，但我做不到！

我疯狂地搜索 google 和 whosebug.com，但是，作为 python/django 的新手，我无法成功地向我的博客添加类别。

我的模特：

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone 

class Post(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    text = models.TextField()
    created_date = models.DateTimeField(
          default=timezone.now)
    published_date = models.DateTimeField(
          blank=True, null=True)

def publish(self):
    self.published_date = timezone.now()
    self.save()

def __str__(self):
    return self.title

我的观点：

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.utils import timezone
from .models import Post

def post_list(request):
posts =  Post.objects.filter(published_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('published_date')
return render(request, 'blog/post_list.html', {'posts': posts})

def post_detail(request, pk):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
    return render(request, 'blog/post_detail.html', {'post': post})

我的网址：

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
    url(r'^post/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),
]

我的post_list.html： {% 扩展 'blog/base.html' %}

 {% block content %}
   {% for post in posts %}
      <div class="post">
          <div class="date">
              {{ post.published_date }}
          </div>
              <h1><a href="{% url 'post_detail' pk=post.pk %}">{{post.title }}</a></h1>
        <p>{{ post.text|truncatewords:100}}</p>
    </div>
  {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

我的post_detail.html:

{% extends 'blog/base.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="post">
       {% if post.published_date %}
           <div class="date">
              {{ post.published_date }}
           </div>
      {% endif %}
      <h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
    <p>{{ post.text|linebreaks }}</p>
 </div>
{% endblock %}

好的。如果有人能帮助我，我需要为这个博客模型创建一个类别模型，我将不胜感激！提前致谢！

Answer 1

我会选择

class Category(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="Title")
    ...


class Post(models.Model):
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, verbose_name="Category")
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="Title")
    text = models.TextField()
    ...

当你有这样的 post 时：

post = Post.objects.first()

您可以使用 post.category.title 访问它的类别标题，或者当您有这样的类别时：

category = Category.objects.first()

您可以通过 category.post_set.all() 获得该类别下的 post。

我已经编辑了您的代码以展示如果这是我正在从事的项目我会如何编写。在这里：

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone 

class Category(models.Model):
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="Created at")
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="Updated at")
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="Title")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "Category"
        verbose_name_plural = "Categories"
        ordering = ['title']

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Post(models.Model):
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="Created at")
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="Updated at")
    is_published = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="Is published?")
    published_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, editable=False, verbose_name="Published at")
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, verbose_name="Category")
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', verbose_name="Author")
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="Title")
    text = models.TextField(verbose_name="Text")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "Post"
        verbose_name_plural = "Posts"
        ordering = ['-created_at']

    def publish(self):
        self.is_published = True
        self.published_at = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.utils import timezone
from .models import Category, Post

def category_list(request):
    categories = Category.objects.all() # this will get all categories, you can do some filtering if you need (e.g. excluding categories without posts in it)

    return render (request, 'blog/category_list.html', {'categories': categories}) # blog/category_list.html should be the template that categories are listed.

def category_detail(request, pk):
    category = get_object_or_404(Category, pk=pk)

    return render(request, 'blog/category_detail.html', {'category': category}) # in this template, you will have access to category and posts under that category by (category.post_set).

def post_list(request):
    posts =  Post.objects.filter(published_at__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('published_at')

    return render(request, 'blog/post_list.html', {'posts': posts})

def post_detail(request, pk):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)

    return render(request, 'blog/post_detail.html', {'post': post})

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^category$', views.category_list, name='category_list'),
    url(r'^category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.category_detail, name='category_detail'),
    url(r'^$', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
    url(r'^post/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),
]

我没有写模板，它们由你决定。

Answer 2

实际上 Django Girls 教程需要此方法（发布），以便在 shell https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/django_orm/

中播放

def publish(self):
    self.is_published = True
    self.published_at = timezone.now()
    self.save()

由于操作由 django 管理员管理，我会更改

published_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, editable=False, verbose_name="Published at")

到

published_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, editable=True, default=timezone.now, verbose_name="Published at")

所以当添加新的 post 时，它会设置默认时间，您可以将其更改为适合您的时间。

如何在我的 Django 博客上添加类别

How to add categories at my django blog

django

python-3.x

django-models

django-apps