c - 无法通过管道传输三个进程

Question

我一直在尝试在 c 中实现以下命令： 猫/etc/passwd |剪切-f1-d: |排序

这是我目前得到的代码。第一个管道工作正常，但第二个管道似乎根本不工作。

我一遍又一遍地检查代码，但没有发现任何错误。谁能提供解决我问题的建议？

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)
    {
        int pipe_A[2];
        int pipe_B[2];

        pipe(pipe_A);
        pipe(pipe_B);

        pid_t pid_A, pid_B, pid_C;

        if( !(pid_A = fork()) ) {
            close(1);       /* close normal stdout */
            dup(pipe_A[1]);   /* make stdout same as pipe_A[1] */
            close(pipe_A[0]); /* we don't need this */
            execlp("/bin/cat", "cat", "/etc/passwd" ,  NULL);
        }

        if( !(pid_B = fork()) ) {
            close(0);       /* close normal stdin */
            dup(pipe_A[0]);   /* make stdin same as pipe_A[0] */
            close(pipe_A[1]); /* we don't need this */

            close(1);   /* close normal stdout */
            dup(pipe_B[1]);   /* make stdout same as pipe_B[1] */
            close(pipe_B[0]); /* we don't need this */
            execlp("/usr/bin/cut", "cut", "-f1", "-d:", NULL);
       }

       if( !(pid_C = fork()) ) {
            close(0);       /* close normal stdin */
            dup(pipe_B[0]);   /* make stdin same as pipe_B[0] */
            close(pipe_B[1]); /* we don't need this */
            execlp("/usr/bin/sort", "sort", NULL);
       }

    return 0;
}

谢谢。

Answer 1

问题是您到处都在泄漏打开的 FD。请注意，每次您调用 fork 时，所有打开的管道都由子进程继承，但具有重复 FD 的管道无法正常工作。

例如，cat继承了pipe_B的读写FD。同样，sort 继承了 pipe_A.

的两个 FD

正确的做法是（但我建议改用 dup2()）：

int main(void)
{
    int pipe_A[2];
    int pipe_B[2];
    pid_t pid_A, pid_B, pid_C;

    pipe(pipe_A);

    if( !(pid_A = fork()) ) {
        close(pipe_A[0]); // A-read not needed here

        close(1);
        dup(pipe_A[1]);
        close(pipe_A[1]); //do not pass A-write twice

        execlp("/bin/cat", "cat", "/etc/passwd" ,  NULL);
    }

    close(pipe_A[1]); // A-write not needed anymore

    pipe(pipe_B); //do not create this pipe until needed

    if( !(pid_B = fork()) ) {
        close(pipe_B[0]); // B-read not needed here

        close(0);
        dup(pipe_A[0]);
        close(pipe_A[0]); //do not pass A-read twice


        close(1);
        dup(pipe_B[1]);
        close(pipe_B[1]); //do not pass B-write twice

        execlp("/usr/bin/cut", "cut", "-f1", "-d:", NULL);
   }
   close(pipe_A[0]); // A-read not needed anymore
   close(pipe_B[1]); // B-write not needed anymore

   if( !(pid_C = fork()) ) {

        close(0);
        dup(pipe_B[0]);
        close(pipe_B[0]); // do not pass B-read twice

        execlp("/usr/bin/sort", "sort", NULL);
   }
   close(pipe_B[0]); // B-read not needed anymore
   return 0;
}

如果你分析我的代码（如果我写得正确），假设父进程只有 FD 0、1 和 2，每个 execlp() 将得到恰好 3 个 FD，0、1 和2.

c - 无法通过管道传输三个进程

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