为什么 C++11 中的统一初始化与虚基数 类 的行为很奇怪？

Question

现在，我正在学习 C++ 中的继承特性，想测试一下最近学习的虚拟基础概念 classes。 我尝试了以下简单代码：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class A
{
private:
    int m_value;
    string m_caller;
public:
    A(int p_value, string p_caller) : m_value{p_value}, m_caller{p_caller}
    {
        cout<<"Instantiating A via "<<m_caller<<endl;
    }
};

class B : virtual public A
{
private:
    int m_value;
public:
    B(int p_value1,int p_value2) : A{p_value1,"B"}, m_value{p_value2}
    {
        cout<<"Instantiating B."<<endl;
    }
};

class C : public B
{
public:
    C(int p_value1,int p_value2) : A{p_value1,"C"}, B(p_value1, p_value2)
    {
        cout<<"Instantiating C."<<endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    C c1(1,2);
    return 0;
}

请注意 class C 的构造函数中的 B(p_value1, p_value2)。这给了我想要的输出：

Instantiating A via C
Instantiating B.
Instantiating C.

但是，当我将其更改为 B{p_value1, p_value2} 时，我得到了以下输出：

Instantiating A via C
Instantiating A via B
Instantiating B.
Instantiating C.

我试图寻找答案，但我得到的所有答案都引用了一些 C++ 标准。作为 OOP 的初学者，我正在为这种行为寻找更简单的解释。 非常感谢！

P.S。我在 Windows 中使用 C::B 和编译器 g++ 4.8.1.

Answer 1

这是 g++ 中的编译器错误。

在 C++14 (N4140) 部分 [dcl.init.list] 中，列表初始化的定义是（为简洁起见进行了编辑）：

List-initialization of an object or reference of type T is defined as follows:

• If T is an aggregate, aggregate initialization is performed
• Otherwise, if the initializer list has no elements and T is a class type with a default constructor, the object is value-initialized.
• Otherwise, if T is a specialization of std::initializer_list, [...]
• Otherwise, if T is a class type, constructors are considered. The applicable constructors are enumerated and the best one is chosen through overload resolution. If a narrowing conversion is required to convert any of the arguments, the program is ill-formed.
• [...]

前 3 点不适用：B 不是聚合（聚合不能有基数 类），初始化列表确实有元素，B 不是std::initializer_list.

专业化

第四点确实适用，因为根据 [over.match.list]/1.2:

，重载解析将 B{p_value1, p_value2} 匹配到构造函数 B(int, int)

If no viable initializer-list constructor is found, overload resolution is performed again, where the candidate functions are all the constructors of the class T and the argument list consists of the elements of the initializer list.

根据最后引述，B(whatever) 和 B{whatever} 的行为应该相同。