C# XML 序列化覆盖 IXmlSerializable 类型 Class

C# XML serialization override Type of IXmlSerializable Class

初始问题

我想 serialize List<IXmlSerializable> 动态更改 IXmlSerializable class 的 XmlType(这样我就可以'不要使用属性标签来做到这一点)

我已经尝试使用 XmlAttributeOverrides 来做到这一点,但到目前为止没有成功。

下面是说明该问题的示例代码:
IXmlSerializable class(来自 MSDN):

public class Person : IXmlSerializable
{
    // Private state
    private string personName;


    // Constructors
    public Person(string name)
    {
        personName = name;
    }

    public Person()
    {
        personName = null;
    }


    // Xml Serialization Infrastructure
    public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
    {
        writer.WriteString(personName);
    }

    public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
    {
        personName = reader.ReadString();
    }

    public XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return (null);
    }


    // Print
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return (personName);
    }
}

测试class(使用控制台输出):

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<Person> lPersonList = new List<Person> {
            new Person("First"),
            new Person("Second"),
            new Person("Third")
        };
        XmlAttributeOverrides lOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
        XmlAttributes lAttributes = new XmlAttributes { XmlType = new XmlTypeAttribute("Employee") };
        lOverrides.Add(typeof(Person), lAttributes);

        XmlSerializer lSerialiser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Person>), lOverrides, null, new XmlRootAttribute("Employees"), null);
        XmlSerializerNamespaces lNamespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
        lNamespaces.Add("", "");
        lSerialiser.Serialize(Console.Out, lPersonList, lNamespaces);

        System.Console.WriteLine("Enter any key to close.");
        System.Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

这是我想要得到的:

<Employees>
<Employee>First</Employee>
<Employee>Second</Employee>
<Employee>Third</Employee>
</Employees>

但是我在运行时遇到这个错误:

System.InvalidOperationException: Only XmlRoot attribute may be specified for the type Person. Please use XmlSchemaProviderAttribute to specify schema type.

注意 当我的 人 class 没有实施 IXmlSerializable 时,一切正常...

有人可以帮我吗?


选择方案(基于

正如@dbc 指出的那样,使用 "surrogate" class 是做我想做的最简单的方法。但是正如我所说,我需要动态更改 Person 类型,这意味着我不能使用属性标签。
所以我在最终设计中仍然使用XmlAttributeOverrides,这里是:

Surrogate List<Person> Class (与没有属性标签的@dbc 相同):

public class EmployeesListSurrogate
{
    public List<Person> EmployeeList { get; set; }

    public static implicit operator List<Person>(EmployeesListSurrogate surrogate)
    {
        return surrogate == null ? null : surrogate.EmployeeList;
    }

    public static implicit operator EmployeesListSurrogate(List<Person> employees)
    {
        return new EmployeesListSurrogate { EmployeeList = employees };
    }
}

使用代理测试class:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<Person> lPersonList = new List<Person> {
            new Person("First"),
            new Person("Second"),
            new Person("Third")
        };

        XmlAttributeOverrides lOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
        XmlAttributes lEmployeesListAttributes = new XmlAttributes { XmlRoot = new XmlRootAttribute("Employees") };
        lOverrides.Add(typeof(EmployeesListSurrogate), lEmployeesListAttributes);
        XmlAttributes lEmployeeAttributes = new XmlAttributes { XmlElements = { new XmlElementAttribute("Employee") } };
        lOverrides.Add(typeof(EmployeesListSurrogate), "EmployeeList", lEmployeeAttributes);

        XmlSerializer lSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(EmployeesListSurrogate), lOverrides);
        XmlSerializerNamespaces lNamespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
        lNamespaces.Add("", "");
        lSerializer.Serialize(Console.Out, (EmployeesListSurrogate)lPersonList, lNamespaces);
    }
}

我想以非常感谢@dbc 来结束这篇文章,你的回答非常有帮助和信息丰富,我学到了很多东西。我不能给你投票,但我希望社区会这样做!

获得您想要的 XML 的最简单方法是序列化 "surrogate" class,如下所示:

[XmlRoot("Employees")]
public class EmployeesListSurrogate
{
    [XmlElement("Employee")]
    public List<Person> EmployeeList { get; set; }

    public static implicit operator List<Person>(EmployeesListSurrogate surrogate)
    {
        return surrogate == null ? null : surrogate.EmployeeList;
    }

    public static implicit operator EmployeesListSurrogate(List<Person> employees)
    {
        return new EmployeesListSurrogate { EmployeeList = employees };
    }
}

这完全消除了 XmlAttributeOverrides 的需要。或者您可以使用 XmlAttributeOverridesXmlAttributes.XmlElements 动态地为 EmployeeList 指定 XML 名称。

也就是说,当您尝试将 [XmlType] 应用于也实现了 IXmlSerializable 的类型时抛出 InvalidOperationException 的原因是 XmlSerializer 需要该类型名称将通过完全不同的机制 return 编辑,即 XmlSchemaProviderAttribute.MethodName method specified in an [XmlSchemaProvider] 属性。

[XmlSchemaProvider] 应用于 IXmlSerializable 类型时,XmlSerializer 将查找名称在属性构造函数中指定的类型的 public 静态方法,并且具有以下签名:

    public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
    {
    }

此方法的目的有两个:

  1. 序列化该类型的实例时,它应该用预期的模式填充XmlSchemaSet。通过测试,我发现它必须填充有效的东西。不能留空,否则会抛出异常

    (我不知道 XmlSerializer 在序列化时实际在多大程度上验证了模式。通过 xsd.exe 导出模式信息时也会调用该方法。)

  2. 它应该return XML 类型名称。

    这似乎是 Microsoft 抛出您所看到的异常的原因:由于架构属性提供程序应该 return 类型名称,因此 XmlType 属性会发生冲突。

因此,如果我修改你的 Person class 如下:

[XmlSchemaProvider("GetSchemaMethod")]
public class Person : IXmlSerializable
{
    // Private state
    private string personName;

    // Constructors
    public Person(string name)
    {
        personName = name;
    }

    public Person()
    {
        personName = null;
    }

    // This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
    public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
    {
        string EmployeeSchema = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-16""?>
<xs:schema elementFormDefault=""qualified"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"">
  <xs:import namespace=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" />
  <xs:element name=""Employee"" nillable=""true"" type=""Employee"" />
  <xs:complexType name=""Employee"" mixed=""true"">
  <xs:sequence>
    <xs:any />
  </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>";

        using (var textReader = new StringReader(EmployeeSchema))
        using (var schemaSetReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(textReader))
        {
            xs.Add("", schemaSetReader);
        }
        return new XmlQualifiedName("Employee");
    }

    // Xml Serialization Infrastructure
    public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
    {
        writer.WriteString(personName);
    }

    public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
    {
        reader.MoveToContent();
        var isEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;
        reader.ReadStartElement();
        if (!isEmpty)
        {
            personName = reader.ReadContentAsString();
            reader.ReadEndElement();
        }
    }

    public XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return (null);
    }

    // Print
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return (personName);
    }
}

并将您的 List<Person> 序列化为 XML,我得到以下结果:

<ArrayOfEmployee xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <Employee>First</Employee>
    <Employee>Second</Employee>
    <Employee>Third</Employee>
</ArrayOfEmployee>

如您所见,已成功指定 Person 的 XML 类型名称。

但是,您想通过 XmlAttributeOverrides 动态覆盖 Person 的 XML 类型名称,而不是将其设置为编译类型。为此,似乎有必要在 XmlAttributes 中指定一个 XmlSchemaProviderAttribute。不幸的是,XmlAttributes 中找不到 XmlSchemaProvider 属性。 看来 Microsoft 从未实现过此类功能。因此,如果你想进一步追求这个设计,你将需要做一些笨拙的事情:在创建覆盖序列化程序时临时覆盖 GetSchemaMethod() 的 return。要记住两件事:

  1. 在幕后,XmlSerializer 通过创建动态程序集来工作。如果您使用 new XmlSerializer(Type)new XmlSerializer(Type, String) 构造一个 XmlSerializer,则 .Net 将缓存程序集并在第二次构造序列化程序时重用它。

    因此,在使用其中任何一个构建序列化程序时尝试临时覆盖 GetSchemaMethod() 的 return 将失败或产生意外结果。

  2. 否则,动态程序集不会缓存,因此您的代码必须手动缓存序列化器,否则会有严重的资源泄漏。参见 Memory Leak using StreamReader and XmlSerializer

    在这些情况下,暂时覆盖 GetSchemaMethod() 的 return 可能有效。

综上所述,以下内容生成您需要的 XML:

[XmlSchemaProvider("GetSchemaMethod")]
public class Person : IXmlSerializable
{
    // Private state
    private string personName;

    // Constructors
    public Person(string name)
    {
        personName = name;
    }

    public Person()
    {
        personName = null;
    }

    [ThreadStatic]
    static string personXmlTypeName;

    const string defaultXmlTypeName = "Person";

    static string PersonXmlTypeName
    {
        get
        {
            if (personXmlTypeName == null)
                personXmlTypeName = defaultXmlTypeName;
            return personXmlTypeName;
        }
        set
        {
            personXmlTypeName = value;
        }
    }

    public static IDisposable PushXmlTypeName(string xmlTypeName)
    {
        return new PushValue<string>(xmlTypeName, () => PersonXmlTypeName, val => PersonXmlTypeName = val);
    }

    // This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
    public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
    {
        string EmployeeSchemaFormat = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-16""?>
            <xs:schema elementFormDefault=""qualified"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"">
              <xs:import namespace=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" />
              <xs:element name=""{0}"" nillable=""true"" type=""{0}"" />
              <xs:complexType name=""{0}"" mixed=""true"">
              <xs:sequence>
                <xs:any />
              </xs:sequence>
              </xs:complexType>
            </xs:schema>";
        var EmployeeSchema = string.Format(EmployeeSchemaFormat, PersonXmlTypeName);

        using (var textReader = new StringReader(EmployeeSchema))
        using (var schemaSetReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(textReader))
        {
            xs.Add("", schemaSetReader);
        }
        return new XmlQualifiedName(PersonXmlTypeName);
    }

    // Xml Serialization Infrastructure
    public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
    {
        writer.WriteString(personName);
    }

    public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
    {
        reader.MoveToContent();
        var isEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;
        reader.ReadStartElement();
        if (!isEmpty)
        {
            personName = reader.ReadContentAsString();
            reader.ReadEndElement();
        }
    }

    public XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return (null);
    }

    // Print
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return (personName);
    }
}

public struct PushValue<T> : IDisposable
{
    Action<T> setValue;
    T oldValue;

    public PushValue(T value, Func<T> getValue, Action<T> setValue)
    {
        if (getValue == null || setValue == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        this.setValue = setValue;
        this.oldValue = getValue();
        setValue(value);
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    // By using a disposable struct we avoid the overhead of allocating and freeing an instance of a finalizable class.
    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (setValue != null)
            setValue(oldValue);
    }

    #endregion
}

public static class PersonEmployeeListSerializerFactory
{
    static Dictionary<Tuple<string, string>, XmlSerializer> serializers;
    static object padlock = new object();

    static PersonEmployeeListSerializerFactory()
    {
        serializers = new Dictionary<Tuple<string, string>, XmlSerializer>();
    }

    public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(string rootName, string personName)
    {
        lock (padlock)
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer;
            var key = Tuple.Create(rootName, personName);
            if (!serializers.TryGetValue(key, out serializer))
            {
                using (Person.PushXmlTypeName(personName))
                {
                    var lOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
                    //var lAttributes = new XmlAttributes();
                    //lOverrides.Add(typeof(Person), lAttributes);

                    serializers[key] = serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Person>), lOverrides, new Type[0], new XmlRootAttribute(rootName), null);
                }
            }
            return serializer;
        }
    }
}

然后做

var lSerialiser = PersonEmployeeListSerializerFactory.GetSerializer("Employees", "Employee");

var lNamespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
lNamespaces.Add("", "");

var sb = new StringBuilder();
using (var writer = new StringWriter(sb))
    lSerialiser.Serialize(writer, lPersonList, lNamespaces);

Console.WriteLine(sb);

但是如您所见,这比使用最初显示的代理要复杂得多。

显示两个选项的示例 fiddle