使用 pandas 或 blaze 从非常大的 CSV 文件中删除列

Delete column(s) from very large CSV file using pandas or blaze

我有一个非常大的 csv 文件 (5 GB),所以我不想将整个文件加载到内存中,我想删除其中的一个或多个列。我尝试在 blaze 中使用以下代码,但它所做的只是将结果列附加到现有的 csv 文件中:

from blaze import Data, odo
d = Data("myfile.csv")
d = d[columns_I_want_to_keep]
odo(d, "myfile.csv")

有没有办法使用 pandas 或 blaze 只保留我想要的列并删除其他列?

我会这样做:

cols2keep = ['col1','col3','col4','col6'] # columns you want to have in the resulting CSV file
chunksize = 10**5  # you may want to adjust it ... 
for chunk in pd.read_csv(filename, chunksize=chunksize, usecols=cols2keep):
    chunk.to_csv('output.csv', mode='a', index=False)

PS 如果适合您,您可能还想考虑从 CSV 迁移到 PyTables (HDF5)...

我经常处理大型 csv 文件。这是我的解决方案:

import csv
fname_in = r'C:\mydir\myfile_in.csv' 
fname_out = r'C:\mydir\myfile_out.csv' 
inc_f = open(fname_in,'r')  #open the file for reading
csv_r = csv.reader(inc_f) # Attach the csv "lens" to the input stream - default is excel dialect
out_f = open(fname_out,'w') #open the file for writing
csv_w = csv.writer(out_f, delimiter=',',lineterminator='\n' ) #attach the csv "lens" to the stream headed to the output file
for row in csv_r: #Loop Through each row in the input file
    new_row = row[:]  # initialize the output row
    new_row.pop(5) #Whatever column you wanted to delete
    csv_w.writerow(new_row) 
inc_f.close()
out_f.close()

您可以使用 dask.dataframe,它在语法上类似于 pandas,但操作是在核心之外进行的,因此内存应该不是问题。它还会自动并行处理该过程,因此应该很快。

import dask.dataframe as dd

df = dd.read_csv('myfile.csv', usecols=['col1', 'col2', 'col3'])
df.to_csv('output.csv', index=False)

计时

到目前为止,我已经在一个 1.4 GB 的 csv 文件中对每个方法进行了计时。我保留了四列,将输出 csv 文件保留为 250 MB。

使用达斯克:

%%timeit
df = dd.read_csv(f_in, usecols=cols_to_keep)
df.to_csv(f_out, index=False)

1 loop, best of 3: 41.8 s per loop

使用Pandas:

%%timeit
chunksize = 10**5
for chunk in pd.read_csv(f_in, chunksize=chunksize, usecols=cols_to_keep):
    chunk.to_csv(f_out, mode='a', index=False)

1 loop, best of 3: 44.2 s per loop

使用Python/CSV:

%%timeit
inc_f = open(f_in, 'r')
csv_r = csv.reader(inc_f)
out_f = open(f_out, 'w')
csv_w = csv.writer(out_f, delimiter=',', lineterminator='\n')
for row in csv_r:
    new_row = [row[1], row[5], row[6], row[8]]
    csv_w.writerow(new_row)
inc_f.close()
out_f.close()

1 loop, best of 3:  1min 1s per loop

每次将新块保存到磁盘时,按块读取原始 CSV 并附加到新文件将打印 header。可以通过以下方式避免:

cols_to_keep = ['col1', 'col2'] # or [0, 1]
add_header = True
chunksize = 10**5
for chunk in pd.read_csv(f_in, chunksize=chunksize, usecols=cols_to_keep):
    chunk.to_csv(f_out, mode='a', index=False, header=add_header)
    if add_header:
        # The header should not be printed more than one
        add_header = False