Web.Config 可能“不可读”
Web.Config might be “unreadable”
当前项目：
- ASP.NET 4.5.2
- MVC 5
我遇到了一个很奇怪的问题。当我从 VS2015 中调试时，我能够毫无问题地使用该站点并与之交互，但是每次我想通过调试检查某些内容时，编译都需要很长时间。另外，一旦我开始调试，文件就会被锁定，无法编辑；当我停止调试内部 IIS 到 VS 崩溃时（这适用于我使用的任何站点，而不仅仅是这个站点）。因此，如果不处于调试模式，则无法使用 VS2015 内部的 IIS。
当我将 IIS Express 的本地安装附加到项目文件所在的目录，或附加到已编译项目被吐出到的目录时，该站点只能使用普通页面。任何涉及数据库请求的操作都会失败并出现 500 服务器错误。具有相同设置的其他站点（安装的 IIS 指向项目目录）工作正常，但是这个站点在任何需要数据库连接的操作上失败：
Most likely causes:
- IIS received the request; however, an internal error occurred during the processing of the request. The root cause of this error depends on which module handles the request and what was happening in the worker process when this error occurred.
- IIS was not able to access the web.config file for the Web site or application. This can occur if the NTFS permissions are set incorrectly.
- IIS was not able to process configuration for the Web site or application.
- The authenticated user does not have permission to use this DLL.
- The request is mapped to a managed handler but the .NET Extensibility Feature is not installed.
Things you can try:
- Ensure that the NTFS permissions for the web.config file are correct and allow access to the Web server's machine account.
- Check the event logs to see if any additional information was logged.
- Verify the permissions for the DLL.
- Install the .NET Extensibility feature if the request is mapped to a managed handler.
- Create a tracing rule to track failed requests for this HTTP status code. For more information about creating a tracing rule for failed requests, click here.
Detailed Error Information:
Module ManagedPipelineHandler
Notification ExecuteRequestHandler
Handler System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler
Error Code 0x00000000
Requested URL http://project.localhost:80/Home/Test
Physical Path D:\Source\Repos\Project\Project\Home\Test
Logon Method Anonymous
Logon User Anonymous
我已经查看了 Web.Config 的权限，但它们都很好，IUSR 和 IIS_IUSRS 都获得了 read/execute 权限。应用程序池设置为集成，这似乎不是 IIS 问题具体，因为计算机上的许多其他数据库驱动的站点工作正常（我只是离开它们因为我经常维护）。所以在这里我认为这可能是一个 Web.Config 问题，至少在它的设置方式方面（同样，权限与机器上的其他站点相同）。然而，Visual Studio 中内置的 IIS 版本在该站点上运行得很好……只要停止调试（任何站点都是如此），它就会死机（崩溃）。
所以我正在寻找建议 -- 是什么使 VS2015 中内置的 IIS 版本正常工作，但 Windows 中的 IIS 因我当前站点中的任何数据库连接而失败？请记住，Windows IIS 可与其他网站和本网站中的静态页面一起使用，而不是具有任何类型的数据库访问权限的操作。
我希望有人能告诉我我的 Web.Config 是否有问题：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
<sectionGroup name="nwebsec">
<section name="httpHeaderSecurityModule" type="NWebsec.Modules.Configuration.HttpHeaderSecurityConfigurationSection, NWebsec, Version=4.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=3613da5f958908a1" requirePermission="false" />
</sectionGroup>
<sectionGroup name="elmah">
<section name="security" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.SecuritySectionHandler, Elmah" />
<section name="errorLog" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorLogSectionHandler, Elmah" />
<section name="errorMail" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorMailSectionHandler, Elmah" />
<section name="errorFilter" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterSectionHandler, Elmah" />
</sectionGroup>
</configSections>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="censored" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
<add name="Elmah" connectionString="censored" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.disableHandler" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.disableHandleErrorFilter" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.requiresAuthentication" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.IgnoreDefaultRoute" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.allowedRoles" value="*" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.allowedUsers" value="*" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.route" value="elmah" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.UserAuthCaseSensitive" value="true" />
<add key="recaptchaPublicKey" value="censored" />
<add key="recaptchaPrivateKey" value="censored" />
<add key="recaptchaApiVersion" value="2" />
</appSettings>
<system.web>
<authentication mode="None" />
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5.2" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5.2" enableVersionHeader="false" />
<roleManager enabled="true" />
<pages>
<controls>
<add tagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" />
</controls>
</pages>
<httpModules>
<add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" />
<add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" />
<add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" />
</httpModules>
<customErrors mode="On" redirectMode="ResponseRewrite" defaultRedirect="/Error/Index">
<error statusCode="401" redirect="/Error/Unauthorized" />
<error statusCode="404" redirect="/Error/NotFound" />
<error statusCode="403" redirect="/Error/Forbidden" />
</customErrors>
</system.web>
<system.webServer>
<modules>
<remove name="FormsAuthentication" />
<remove name="RoleManager" />
<add name="NWebsecHttpHeaderSecurityModule" type="NWebsec.Modules.HttpHeaderSecurityModule, NWebsec, Version=4.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=3613da5f958908a1" />
<add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
<add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
<add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
</modules>
<handlers>
<remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
<remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
<remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
<add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
<add name="ELMAH" verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" preCondition="integratedMode" />
</handlers>
<httpProtocol>
<customHeaders>
<clear />
<add name="X-Frame-Options" value="SAMEORIGIN" />
</customHeaders>
</httpProtocol>
<httpErrors errorMode="Detailed" existingResponse="Replace">
<remove statusCode="403" />
<error statusCode="403" responseMode="ExecuteURL" path="/Error/Forbidden" />
</httpErrors>
<security>
<requestFiltering>
<hiddenSegments>
<add segment="NWebsecConfig" />
</hiddenSegments>
</requestFiltering>
</security>
<validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
</system.webServer>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-9.0.0.0" newVersion="9.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="AngleSharp" publicKeyToken="e83494dcdc6d31ea" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-0.9.6.41832" newVersion="0.9.6.41832" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
<entityFramework>
<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
<parameters>
<parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
</parameters>
</defaultConnectionFactory>
<providers>
<provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
</providers>
</entityFramework>
<system.codedom>
<compilers>
<compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
<!--<compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:14 /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\"Web\" /optionInfer+" />-->
</compilers>
</system.codedom>
<system.net>
<mailSettings>
<smtp from="info@lawyercase.ca">
<network host="" port="587" userName="" password="" enableSsl="false" />
</smtp>
</mailSettings>
</system.net>
<nwebsec>
<httpHeaderSecurityModule xmlns="http://nwebsec.com/HttpHeaderSecurityModuleConfig.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="NWebsecConfig/HttpHeaderSecurityModuleConfig.xsd">
<redirectValidation enabled="true" />
<securityHttpHeaders>
<x-Frame-Options policy="Deny" />
<x-Content-Type-Options enabled="true" />
</securityHttpHeaders>
</httpHeaderSecurityModule>
</nwebsec>
<elmah xmlns="http://Elmah.Configuration">
<!--
See http://code.google.com/p/elmah/wiki/SecuringErrorLogPages for
more information on remote access and securing ELMAH.
-->
<security allowRemoteAccess="false" />
<errorLog type="Elmah.SqlErrorLog, Elmah" connectionStringName="Elmah" />
</elmah>
<location path="elmah.axd" inheritInChildApplications="false">
<system.web>
<httpHandlers>
<add verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" />
</httpHandlers>
<!--
See http://code.google.com/p/elmah/wiki/SecuringErrorLogPages for
more information on using ASP.NET authorization securing ELMAH.
<authorization>
<allow roles="admin" />
<deny users="*" />
</authorization>
-->
</system.web>
</location>
</configuration>
这里有点 Mea Culpa，因为向潜在的好撒玛利亚人最明显地指出问题的信息被我审查了。为什么？因为不想和world+dog分享数据库connectionString
事实证明，默认 Web.Config 还将在 DefaultConnection connectionString 中包含术语 Integrated Security=True。为什么这是个问题？因为这是告诉 IIS 在访问数据库时使用集成安全性——例如，忽略用户名和密码，只使用它自己的凭据。
这当然是史诗般的失败。
现在，我不确定 Visual Studio 2015 中内置的 IIS 如何忽略 and/or 绕过该术语。它要么完全忽略它，只使用字符串中的用户名和密码，要么安装 Visual Studio 以某种方式在 VS 和 MSSQL 之间设置自动握手。就是不知道。
让我们把这整个 clusterfuck 归因于这是我迄今为止从事的第一个真正独立的（没有以前的版本）项目。在所有其他情况下，我有一个以前版本的站点（因此，数据库）可以使用，而且我必须刚刚从旧项目中将 connectionString 作为一个整体复制过来，而不是仅仅编辑新项目中的一个。
TL;DR：将 connectionString 更改为 Integrated Security=False 或完全删除它解决了独立 IIS（IIS 未集成到 Visual Studio）无法访问数据库的问题尽管 Visual Studio 内置的 IIS 运行良好。
我通过重启解决了问题 Visual studio。
当前项目：
- ASP.NET 4.5.2
- MVC 5
我遇到了一个很奇怪的问题。当我从 VS2015 中调试时，我能够毫无问题地使用该站点并与之交互，但是每次我想通过调试检查某些内容时，编译都需要很长时间。另外，一旦我开始调试，文件就会被锁定，无法编辑；当我停止调试内部 IIS 到 VS 崩溃时（这适用于我使用的任何站点，而不仅仅是这个站点）。因此，如果不处于调试模式，则无法使用 VS2015 内部的 IIS。
当我将 IIS Express 的本地安装附加到项目文件所在的目录，或附加到已编译项目被吐出到的目录时，该站点只能使用普通页面。任何涉及数据库请求的操作都会失败并出现 500 服务器错误。具有相同设置的其他站点（安装的 IIS 指向项目目录）工作正常，但是这个站点在任何需要数据库连接的操作上失败：
Most likely causes:
- IIS received the request; however, an internal error occurred during the processing of the request. The root cause of this error depends on which module handles the request and what was happening in the worker process when this error occurred.
- IIS was not able to access the web.config file for the Web site or application. This can occur if the NTFS permissions are set incorrectly.
- IIS was not able to process configuration for the Web site or application.
- The authenticated user does not have permission to use this DLL.
- The request is mapped to a managed handler but the .NET Extensibility Feature is not installed.
Things you can try:
- Ensure that the NTFS permissions for the web.config file are correct and allow access to the Web server's machine account.
- Check the event logs to see if any additional information was logged.
- Verify the permissions for the DLL.
- Install the .NET Extensibility feature if the request is mapped to a managed handler.
- Create a tracing rule to track failed requests for this HTTP status code. For more information about creating a tracing rule for failed requests, click here.
Detailed Error Information:
Module ManagedPipelineHandler
Notification ExecuteRequestHandler
Handler System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler
Error Code 0x00000000
Requested URL http://project.localhost:80/Home/Test
Physical Path D:\Source\Repos\Project\Project\Home\Test
Logon Method Anonymous
Logon User Anonymous
我已经查看了 Web.Config 的权限，但它们都很好，IUSR 和 IIS_IUSRS 都获得了 read/execute 权限。应用程序池设置为集成，这似乎不是 IIS 问题具体，因为计算机上的许多其他数据库驱动的站点工作正常（我只是离开它们因为我经常维护）。所以在这里我认为这可能是一个 Web.Config 问题，至少在它的设置方式方面（同样，权限与机器上的其他站点相同）。然而，Visual Studio 中内置的 IIS 版本在该站点上运行得很好……只要停止调试（任何站点都是如此），它就会死机（崩溃）。
所以我正在寻找建议 -- 是什么使 VS2015 中内置的 IIS 版本正常工作，但 Windows 中的 IIS 因我当前站点中的任何数据库连接而失败？请记住，Windows IIS 可与其他网站和本网站中的静态页面一起使用，而不是具有任何类型的数据库访问权限的操作。
我希望有人能告诉我我的 Web.Config 是否有问题：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
<sectionGroup name="nwebsec">
<section name="httpHeaderSecurityModule" type="NWebsec.Modules.Configuration.HttpHeaderSecurityConfigurationSection, NWebsec, Version=4.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=3613da5f958908a1" requirePermission="false" />
</sectionGroup>
<sectionGroup name="elmah">
<section name="security" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.SecuritySectionHandler, Elmah" />
<section name="errorLog" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorLogSectionHandler, Elmah" />
<section name="errorMail" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorMailSectionHandler, Elmah" />
<section name="errorFilter" requirePermission="false" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterSectionHandler, Elmah" />
</sectionGroup>
</configSections>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="censored" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
<add name="Elmah" connectionString="censored" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.disableHandler" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.disableHandleErrorFilter" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.requiresAuthentication" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.IgnoreDefaultRoute" value="false" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.allowedRoles" value="*" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.allowedUsers" value="*" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.route" value="elmah" />
<add key="elmah.mvc.UserAuthCaseSensitive" value="true" />
<add key="recaptchaPublicKey" value="censored" />
<add key="recaptchaPrivateKey" value="censored" />
<add key="recaptchaApiVersion" value="2" />
</appSettings>
<system.web>
<authentication mode="None" />
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5.2" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5.2" enableVersionHeader="false" />
<roleManager enabled="true" />
<pages>
<controls>
<add tagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" />
</controls>
</pages>
<httpModules>
<add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" />
<add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" />
<add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" />
</httpModules>
<customErrors mode="On" redirectMode="ResponseRewrite" defaultRedirect="/Error/Index">
<error statusCode="401" redirect="/Error/Unauthorized" />
<error statusCode="404" redirect="/Error/NotFound" />
<error statusCode="403" redirect="/Error/Forbidden" />
</customErrors>
</system.web>
<system.webServer>
<modules>
<remove name="FormsAuthentication" />
<remove name="RoleManager" />
<add name="NWebsecHttpHeaderSecurityModule" type="NWebsec.Modules.HttpHeaderSecurityModule, NWebsec, Version=4.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=3613da5f958908a1" />
<add name="ErrorLog" type="Elmah.ErrorLogModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
<add name="ErrorMail" type="Elmah.ErrorMailModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
<add name="ErrorFilter" type="Elmah.ErrorFilterModule, Elmah" preCondition="managedHandler" />
</modules>
<handlers>
<remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
<remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
<remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
<add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
<add name="ELMAH" verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" preCondition="integratedMode" />
</handlers>
<httpProtocol>
<customHeaders>
<clear />
<add name="X-Frame-Options" value="SAMEORIGIN" />
</customHeaders>
</httpProtocol>
<httpErrors errorMode="Detailed" existingResponse="Replace">
<remove statusCode="403" />
<error statusCode="403" responseMode="ExecuteURL" path="/Error/Forbidden" />
</httpErrors>
<security>
<requestFiltering>
<hiddenSegments>
<add segment="NWebsecConfig" />
</hiddenSegments>
</requestFiltering>
</security>
<validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
</system.webServer>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-9.0.0.0" newVersion="9.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="AngleSharp" publicKeyToken="e83494dcdc6d31ea" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-0.9.6.41832" newVersion="0.9.6.41832" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
<entityFramework>
<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
<parameters>
<parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
</parameters>
</defaultConnectionFactory>
<providers>
<provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
</providers>
</entityFramework>
<system.codedom>
<compilers>
<compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
<!--<compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:14 /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\"Web\" /optionInfer+" />-->
</compilers>
</system.codedom>
<system.net>
<mailSettings>
<smtp from="info@lawyercase.ca">
<network host="" port="587" userName="" password="" enableSsl="false" />
</smtp>
</mailSettings>
</system.net>
<nwebsec>
<httpHeaderSecurityModule xmlns="http://nwebsec.com/HttpHeaderSecurityModuleConfig.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="NWebsecConfig/HttpHeaderSecurityModuleConfig.xsd">
<redirectValidation enabled="true" />
<securityHttpHeaders>
<x-Frame-Options policy="Deny" />
<x-Content-Type-Options enabled="true" />
</securityHttpHeaders>
</httpHeaderSecurityModule>
</nwebsec>
<elmah xmlns="http://Elmah.Configuration">
<!--
See http://code.google.com/p/elmah/wiki/SecuringErrorLogPages for
more information on remote access and securing ELMAH.
-->
<security allowRemoteAccess="false" />
<errorLog type="Elmah.SqlErrorLog, Elmah" connectionStringName="Elmah" />
</elmah>
<location path="elmah.axd" inheritInChildApplications="false">
<system.web>
<httpHandlers>
<add verb="POST,GET,HEAD" path="elmah.axd" type="Elmah.ErrorLogPageFactory, Elmah" />
</httpHandlers>
<!--
See http://code.google.com/p/elmah/wiki/SecuringErrorLogPages for
more information on using ASP.NET authorization securing ELMAH.
<authorization>
<allow roles="admin" />
<deny users="*" />
</authorization>
-->
</system.web>
</location>
</configuration>
这里有点 Mea Culpa，因为向潜在的好撒玛利亚人最明显地指出问题的信息被我审查了。为什么？因为不想和world+dog分享数据库connectionString
事实证明，默认 Web.Config 还将在 DefaultConnection connectionString 中包含术语 Integrated Security=True。为什么这是个问题？因为这是告诉 IIS 在访问数据库时使用集成安全性——例如，忽略用户名和密码，只使用它自己的凭据。
这当然是史诗般的失败。
现在，我不确定 Visual Studio 2015 中内置的 IIS 如何忽略 and/or 绕过该术语。它要么完全忽略它，只使用字符串中的用户名和密码，要么安装 Visual Studio 以某种方式在 VS 和 MSSQL 之间设置自动握手。就是不知道。
让我们把这整个 clusterfuck 归因于这是我迄今为止从事的第一个真正独立的（没有以前的版本）项目。在所有其他情况下，我有一个以前版本的站点（因此，数据库）可以使用，而且我必须刚刚从旧项目中将 connectionString 作为一个整体复制过来，而不是仅仅编辑新项目中的一个。
TL;DR：将 connectionString 更改为 Integrated Security=False 或完全删除它解决了独立 IIS（IIS 未集成到 Visual Studio）无法访问数据库的问题尽管 Visual Studio 内置的 IIS 运行良好。
我通过重启解决了问题 Visual studio。