如何使用 STM32CUBEF4 HAL 库通过 i2c 读取传感器数据?
How do I use the STM32CUBEF4 HAL library to read out the sensor data with i2c?
我想使用最新的 HAL 库而不是标准外设库。
我想读出 BMA250E 重力传感器的 chip_id,但它不起作用。
aRxBuffer 的值始终保持在 0x00。但应该是0xf9!
我的代码有什么问题?
#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
#define I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE()
#define I2Cx_SDA_PIN GPIO_PIN_9
#define I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT GPIOB
#define I2Cx_SDA_AF GPIO_AF4_I2C1
#define I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE()
#define I2Cx_SCL_PIN GPIO_PIN_6
#define I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT GPIOB
#define I2Cx_SCL_AF GPIO_AF4_I2C1
#define I2Cx_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_ENABLE()
#define I2Cx_FORCE_RESET() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_FORCE_RESET()
#define I2Cx_RELEASE_RESET() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_RELEASE_RESET()
#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x18
static void SystemClock_Config(void);
uint8_t aTxBuffer[2],aRxBuffer;
int main()
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
I2C_HandleTypeDef I2cHandle;
I2cHandle.Instance = I2C1;
I2cHandle.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
I2cHandle.Init.ClockSpeed = 400000;
I2cHandle.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
I2cHandle.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_16_9;
I2cHandle.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
I2cHandle.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
I2cHandle.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
I2cHandle.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
HAL_I2C_Init(&I2cHandle);
aTxBuffer[0]=0x00;
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&I2cHandle, I2C_ADDRESS,aTxBuffer, 1, 10000);
HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&I2cHandle,I2C_ADDRESS|0x01 ,&aRxBuffer, 1, 10000);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
static void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 360;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7;
HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct);
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType =
(RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2);
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5);
}
void HAL_I2C_MspInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();
I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = I2Cx_SCL_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = I2Cx_SCL_AF;
HAL_GPIO_Init(I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = I2Cx_SDA_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = I2Cx_SDA_AF;
HAL_GPIO_Init(I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void HAL_I2C_MspDeInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c)
{
I2Cx_FORCE_RESET();
I2Cx_RELEASE_RESET();
HAL_GPIO_DeInit(I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT, I2Cx_SCL_PIN);
HAL_GPIO_DeInit(I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT, I2Cx_SDA_PIN);
}
首先,我建议您使用 STMCube。它将为您设置时钟和 I2C 总线。
检查 HAL 的功能是非常好的做法 return。如果您没有 HAL_OK
,出了点问题。
先以 100KHz 试试,然后增加到 400KHz。
设备的 I2C 地址是 0x18
(如果 SDO 接地,我假设它是)。但是在HAL驱动中,你必须定义:
#define I2C_ADDRESS (0x18<<1)
你想做的是读取寄存器,所以不要使用HAL_I2C_Master_Receive
或HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit
,而是HAL_I2C_Mem_Read
或HAL_I2C_Mem_Write
,像这样:
#define REG_CHIP_ID 0x00
HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&I2cHandle, I2C_ADDRESS, REG_CHIP_ID, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &aRxBuffer, 1, 10000);
此外,请注意 HAL 会处理地址的 R/W 位,因此您无需执行以下操作:
I2C_ADDRESS|0x01
我想使用最新的 HAL 库而不是标准外设库。
我想读出 BMA250E 重力传感器的 chip_id,但它不起作用。
aRxBuffer 的值始终保持在 0x00。但应该是0xf9!
我的代码有什么问题?
#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h" #define I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE() #define I2Cx_SDA_PIN GPIO_PIN_9 #define I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT GPIOB #define I2Cx_SDA_AF GPIO_AF4_I2C1 #define I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE() #define I2Cx_SCL_PIN GPIO_PIN_6 #define I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT GPIOB #define I2Cx_SCL_AF GPIO_AF4_I2C1 #define I2Cx_CLK_ENABLE() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_ENABLE() #define I2Cx_FORCE_RESET() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_FORCE_RESET() #define I2Cx_RELEASE_RESET() __HAL_RCC_I2C1_RELEASE_RESET()
#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x18
static void SystemClock_Config(void);
uint8_t aTxBuffer[2],aRxBuffer;
int main()
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
I2C_HandleTypeDef I2cHandle;
I2cHandle.Instance = I2C1;
I2cHandle.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
I2cHandle.Init.ClockSpeed = 400000;
I2cHandle.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
I2cHandle.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_16_9;
I2cHandle.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
I2cHandle.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
I2cHandle.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
I2cHandle.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
HAL_I2C_Init(&I2cHandle);
aTxBuffer[0]=0x00;
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&I2cHandle, I2C_ADDRESS,aTxBuffer, 1, 10000);
HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&I2cHandle,I2C_ADDRESS|0x01 ,&aRxBuffer, 1, 10000);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
static void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct; RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct; __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1); RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 360; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7; HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct); RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = (RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2); RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5); } void HAL_I2C_MspInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE(); I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE(); GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = I2Cx_SCL_PIN; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD; GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST; GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = I2Cx_SCL_AF; HAL_GPIO_Init(I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct); GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = I2Cx_SDA_PIN; GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = I2Cx_SDA_AF; HAL_GPIO_Init(I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct); } void HAL_I2C_MspDeInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c) { I2Cx_FORCE_RESET(); I2Cx_RELEASE_RESET(); HAL_GPIO_DeInit(I2Cx_SCL_GPIO_PORT, I2Cx_SCL_PIN); HAL_GPIO_DeInit(I2Cx_SDA_GPIO_PORT, I2Cx_SDA_PIN); }
首先,我建议您使用 STMCube。它将为您设置时钟和 I2C 总线。
检查 HAL 的功能是非常好的做法 return。如果您没有 HAL_OK
,出了点问题。
先以 100KHz 试试,然后增加到 400KHz。
设备的 I2C 地址是 0x18
(如果 SDO 接地,我假设它是)。但是在HAL驱动中,你必须定义:
#define I2C_ADDRESS (0x18<<1)
你想做的是读取寄存器,所以不要使用HAL_I2C_Master_Receive
或HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit
,而是HAL_I2C_Mem_Read
或HAL_I2C_Mem_Write
,像这样:
#define REG_CHIP_ID 0x00
HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&I2cHandle, I2C_ADDRESS, REG_CHIP_ID, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &aRxBuffer, 1, 10000);
此外,请注意 HAL 会处理地址的 R/W 位,因此您无需执行以下操作:
I2C_ADDRESS|0x01