如何在 Java 中使用带有 Scanner.useDelimiter 的定界符?

How do I use a delimiter with Scanner.useDelimiter in Java?

sc = new Scanner(new File(dataFile));
sc.useDelimiter(",|\r\n");

我不明白 delimiter 是如何工作的,谁能通俗地解释一下?

The scanner can also use delimiters other than whitespace.

来自 Scanner API 的简单示例:

 String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";

 // \s* means 0 or more repetitions of any whitespace character 
 // fish is the pattern to find
 Scanner s = new Scanner(input).useDelimiter("\s*fish\s*");

 System.out.println(s.nextInt());   // prints: 1
 System.out.println(s.nextInt());   // prints: 2
 System.out.println(s.next());      // prints: red
 System.out.println(s.next());      // prints: blue

 // don't forget to close the scanner!!
 s.close(); 

重点是理解正则表达式(regex) inside the Scanner::useDelimiter. Find an useDelimiter tutorial here.


从正则表达式开始 here you can find 一个很好的教程。

备注

abc…    Letters
123…    Digits
\d      Any Digit
\D      Any Non-digit character
.       Any Character
\.      Period
[abc]   Only a, b, or c
[^abc]  Not a, b, nor c
[a-z]   Characters a to z
[0-9]   Numbers 0 to 9
\w      Any Alphanumeric character
\W      Any Non-alphanumeric character
{m}     m Repetitions
{m,n}   m to n Repetitions
*       Zero or more repetitions
+       One or more repetitions
?       Optional character
\s      Any Whitespace
\S      Any Non-whitespace character
^…$     Starts and ends
(…)     Capture Group
(a(bc)) Capture Sub-group
(.*)    Capture all
(ab|cd) Matches ab or cd

对于 Scanner,默认分隔符是空白字符。

但是Scanner可以根据一组定界符[=38=来定义令牌开始结束的位置], 可以通过两种方式指定:

  1. 使用扫描仪方法:useDelimiter(String pattern)
  2. 使用 Scanner 方法:useDelimiter(Pattern pattern) 其中 Pattern 是指定分隔符集的正则表达式。

因此 useDelimiter() 方法用于标记扫描仪输入,其行为类似于 StringTokenizer class,请查看这些教程以获取更多信息:

这是一个 Example:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    // Initialize Scanner object
    Scanner scan = new Scanner("Anna Mills/Female/18");
    // initialize the string delimiter
    scan.useDelimiter("/");
    // Printing the tokenized Strings
    while(scan.hasNext()){
        System.out.println(scan.next());
    }
    // closing the scanner stream
    scan.close();
}

打印此输出:

Anna Mills
Female
18

例如:

String myInput = null;
Scanner myscan = new Scanner(System.in).useDelimiter("\n");
System.out.println("Enter your input: ");
myInput = myscan.next();
System.out.println(myInput);

这样您就可以使用 Enter 作为分隔符。

因此,如果您输入:

Hello world (ENTER)

它将打印 'Hello World'.