为什么下面的代码用 `c++03` 编译而不是 `c++11`

Why the following code compiles with `c++03` but not with `c++11`

我正在这个微型 mwe 中使用 boost::python 库。

#include <deque>
#include <boost/python.hpp>

typedef std::deque<long unsigned int>  DequeUInt64;

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(tmp) {

boost::python::class_<DequeUInt64>("DequeUInt64")
  .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)
  .def("push_front" ,&DequeUInt64::push_front);

} 

我观察到上面的代码可以使用 std=c++03gnu++03 编译,但不能使用 c++11c++0x 编译。错误是:

tmp.cpp: In function 'void init_module_tmp()':
tmp.cpp:8:47: error: no matching function for call to 'boost::python::class_<std::deque<long unsigned int> >::def(const char [10], <unresolved overloaded function type>)'
     .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)
                                               ^
In file included [from /opt/local/include/boost/python.hpp:18:0], [from tmp.cpp:2]:
/opt/local/include/boost/python/class.hpp:223:11: 
   note: candidate: 
       template<class Derived> boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::self& 
                               boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::def(const boost::python::def_visitor<Derived>&) 
                               [with Derived = Derived; 
                                     W = std::deque<long unsigned int>; 
                                     X1 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                                     X2 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                                     X3 = boost::python::detail::not_specified]
       self& def(def_visitor<Derived> const& visitor)
       ^
   note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
tmp.cpp:8:47: 
   note:  mismatched types 'const boost::python::def_visitor<U>' and 'const char [10]'
          .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)
                                           ^
In file included [from /opt/local/include/boost/python.hpp:18:0], [from tmp.cpp:2]:
/opt/local/include/boost/python/class.hpp:233:11: 
   note: candidate: 
       template<class F> boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::self& 
                         boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::def(const char*, F) 
                         [with F = F; 
                               W = std::deque<long unsigned int>; 
                               X1 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                               X2 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                               X3 = boost::python::detail::not_specified]
     self& def(char const* name, F f)
       ^
   note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
tmp.cpp:8:47:
   note:   couldn't deduce template parameter 'F'
     .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)

我的提升是 boost: stable 1.60.0,我的 g++ 是 g++-mp-5 (MacPorts gcc5 5.4.0_0) 5.4.0。我可以看到新标准以某种方式导致 type/template 推理出现问题,但老实说我真的不明白为什么?问题是因为 Boost 根本没有用 c++11 进行测试吗?上面的错误消息到底是什么意思?

问题是 C++11 向 push_back 添加了重载以支持移动语义,即 void push_front( T&& value );

所以编译器不知道选择哪一个 (<unresolved overloaded function type>)。你必须拼写出来,像这样:

boost::python::class_<DequeUInt64>("DequeUInt64")
.def<void (DequeUInt64::*)( const T&)>("push_back",&DequeUInt64::push_back)

报错信息给你提示:

unresolved overloaded function type

你传入std::deque::push_back。查看一个reference,可以看到有两个重载:

void push_back( const T& value );
void push_back( T&& value ); // (since C++11)

C++11 添加了一个新的重载。因此,将指向 this 的指针作为参数传递变得无效。 push_front 也是如此。请注意,即使在 C++11 之前,实现也可以添加自己的重载[需要引用].

您可以将其转换为合适的类型:

.def("push_back"  ,static_cast<void(DequeUInt64::*)(DequeUInt64::const_reference)>(&DequeUInt64::push_back))
.def("push_front" ,static_cast<void(DequeUInt64::*)(DequeUInt64::const_reference)>(&DequeUInt64::push_front))

我转换它而不是根据 STL 的 Don't Help the Compiler 谈话明确指定模板参数。

如果您首先将 lambda 强制为函数指针,您也可以使用 lambda,根据 Tanner 的评论:

.def("push_back"  ,+[](DequeUInt64* d, DequeUInt64::const_reference x) { return d->push_back(x); })
.def("push_front" ,+[](DequeUInt64* d, DequeUInt64::const_reference x) { return d->push_front(x); })