如何正确调用 toString

How to correctly invoke toString

我正在尝试在 Box class 中创建一个 toString 方法来调用 BoxTest class。我已经设置了我想调用的方法(getLengthgetHeightgetWidthcalculateAreacalculateVolume),它们自己可以正常工作,但是我不确定在调用 toString.

时如何使用它们

这是我当前代码的一个 pastebin (http://pastebin.com/Ex520ST6)。

盒子

public class Box
{
    private double length = 1.0;
    private double width = 1.0;
    private double height = 1.0;

    public Box(double length, double width, double height) // constructor with thrown exceptions
    {
        if (length <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Values must be higher than 0");

        if (width <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Values must be higher than 0");

        if (height <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Values must be higher than 0");

        this.length = length;
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void setLength(double length)
    {
        if (length <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Values must be higher than 0");

        this.length = length;
        System.out.println("The new length is: " + length);

    }
    public double getLength()
    {
        System.out.println("The length is: " + length);
        return length;
    }
    public void setWidth(double width)
    {
        if (width <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Values must be higher than 0");

        this.width = width;
        System.out.println("The new width is: " + width);
    }
    public double getWidth()
    {
        System.out.println("The width is: " + width);
        return width;
    }
    public void setHeight(double height)
    {
        if (height <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Values must be higher than 0");

        this.height = height;
        System.out.println("The new height is: " + height);
    }
    public double getHeight()
    {
        System.out.println("The height is: " + height);
        return height;
    }
    public double calculateArea()
    {
        double area = (double) (2*length*width + 2*length*height + 2*width*height);
        System.out.println("The area is: " + area);
        return area;
    }
    public double calculateVolume()
    {
        double volume = (double) length*width*height;
        System.out.println("The volume is: " + volume);
        return volume;
    }
    public String toString()
    {
        return String.format("The length is %f, the width is %f, the height is %f, the area is %f, the volume is %f,");
    }
}

盒子测试

public class BoxTest
{
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        Box[] boxes = new Box[4];

        boxes[0] = new Box(1.0,2.0,3.0);
        boxes[1] = new Box(4.0,5.0,6.0);
        boxes[2] = new Box(1.0,7.0,8.0);
        boxes[3] = new Box(1.0,9.0,9.0);

        for (Box theBoxes : boxes)
        {

            System.out.printf(theBoxes.getLength(),theBoxes.getWidth(),theBoxes.getHeight(),theBoxes.calculateArea(),theBoxes.calculateVolume().toString());

        }

        boxes[3].setLength(11.0); // debug
    }
}
  1. 总的来说,我走在正确的轨道上吗
  2. 我应该在 toString 标题中使用 "%s" 说明符吗
  3. 我是否还需要 printf 中的格式说明符,如果需要,应该是 %s 还是 %f,因为我的方法是类型 double

谢谢!

toString() 覆盖应该 return 一个 String 与值本身,而不是依赖外部使用 System.out.printf() (该方法当然可以在class,但是 class 应该 return 一个完全格式化的 String,而不是包含像 %s 这样的格式化程序的格式。示例实现如下。

class Animal {

    public String name;
    public int numlegs;
    public double weight;

    // ...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("Animal, name: %s, legs: %d, weight: %d", name, numLegs, weight);
    }

}

然后您只需调用 toString() 方法即可检索对象的完整 String 表示。

鼓励使用 printf() 而不是大规模 String 连接,因为它可以使代码更清晰(至少是 IMO)。

旁注:

  1. 您的 toString() 方法调用 printf() 但未提供应替换 String.
  2. 格式的格式化程序的值
  3. printf() 的调用应将格式 String 作为第一个参数,并将值作为其余参数。