PyQt5 的 OpenGL 模块和版本控制问题（调用不正确的 _QOpenGLFunctions_(ver)）
Issues with PyQt5's OpenGL module and versioning (calls for incorrect _QOpenGLFunctions_(ver))
我一直在努力让 the PyQt5 helloGL example code 编译。当我尝试构建解决方案时，我得到：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\-PATH-\trunk\view\test.py", line 142, in initializeGL
self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
ImportError: No module named 'PyQt5._QOpenGLFunctions_4_3_Compatibility'
[Finished in 0.3s]
在我的 PyQt5 文件夹中，我有：
_QOpenGLFunctions_4_1_Core.pyd
_QOpenGLFunctions_2_0.pyd
_QOpenGLFunctions_2_1.pyd
作为我的一组不同版本的 QOpenGLFunctions。我试图搜索调用 versionFunctions() 的工作原理，看看我是否可以强制它使用 4_1_Core 文件，但无济于事。在几次重新启动后，我现在已经重新安装了 PyQt5 两次，看看它是否是奇怪的注册表恶作剧 - 这是在我确保更新我的图形驱动程序之后，以便正确版本的 OpenGL 甚至在我的系统上（如果那是某种原因）导致问题）
PyOpenGL 已安装并更新，我也重新安装了它。
我的最终目标是将 OpenGL 渲染器嵌入 Qt window，但我没有在 python 中找到很多关于如何做到这一点的示例。我使用 Vispy 有一段时间了，但 运行 也遇到了很多问题，因为他们的旧 Qt 示例也不再工作了。
这就是使用这两行的问题：
self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
self.gl.initializeOpenGLFunctions()
相反，您应该使用适当的 major/minor 版本创建自定义 QSurfaceFormat，并使用 QContext 的 setFormat 使其与合适的 opengl 版本一起工作。
无论如何，我会向您推荐一个简单得多的替代方案。对于我所有的 pyqt opengl 项目，我只使用 PyOpenGL directly on my widgets and I get the latest opengl version for free. Find below that hellogl example adapted to use PyOpengl directly, I've also added some routines to print your gpu information so you'll see the opengl version used will match your system's one (check it out with gpu caps viewer 或类似的）：
import sys
import math
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QPoint, QSize, Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QOpenGLWidget, QSlider,
QWidget)
import OpenGL.GL as gl
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(Window, self).__init__()
self.glWidget = GLWidget()
self.xSlider = self.createSlider()
self.ySlider = self.createSlider()
self.zSlider = self.createSlider()
self.xSlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setXRotation)
self.glWidget.xRotationChanged.connect(self.xSlider.setValue)
self.ySlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setYRotation)
self.glWidget.yRotationChanged.connect(self.ySlider.setValue)
self.zSlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setZRotation)
self.glWidget.zRotationChanged.connect(self.zSlider.setValue)
mainLayout = QHBoxLayout()
mainLayout.addWidget(self.glWidget)
mainLayout.addWidget(self.xSlider)
mainLayout.addWidget(self.ySlider)
mainLayout.addWidget(self.zSlider)
self.setLayout(mainLayout)
self.xSlider.setValue(15 * 16)
self.ySlider.setValue(345 * 16)
self.zSlider.setValue(0 * 16)
self.setWindowTitle("Hello GL")
def createSlider(self):
slider = QSlider(Qt.Vertical)
slider.setRange(0, 360 * 16)
slider.setSingleStep(16)
slider.setPageStep(15 * 16)
slider.setTickInterval(15 * 16)
slider.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksRight)
return slider
class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
xRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
yRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
zRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(GLWidget, self).__init__(parent)
self.object = 0
self.xRot = 0
self.yRot = 0
self.zRot = 0
self.lastPos = QPoint()
self.trolltechGreen = QColor.fromCmykF(0.40, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
self.trolltechPurple = QColor.fromCmykF(0.39, 0.39, 0.0, 0.0)
def getOpenglInfo(self):
info = """
Vendor: {0}
Renderer: {1}
OpenGL Version: {2}
Shader Version: {3}
""".format(
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_VENDOR),
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_RENDERER),
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_VERSION),
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION)
)
return info
def minimumSizeHint(self):
return QSize(50, 50)
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(400, 400)
def setXRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.xRot:
self.xRot = angle
self.xRotationChanged.emit(angle)
self.update()
def setYRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.yRot:
self.yRot = angle
self.yRotationChanged.emit(angle)
self.update()
def setZRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.zRot:
self.zRot = angle
self.zRotationChanged.emit(angle)
self.update()
def initializeGL(self):
print(self.getOpenglInfo())
self.setClearColor(self.trolltechPurple.darker())
self.object = self.makeObject()
gl.glShadeModel(gl.GL_FLAT)
gl.glEnable(gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
gl.glEnable(gl.GL_CULL_FACE)
def paintGL(self):
gl.glClear(
gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
gl.glLoadIdentity()
gl.glTranslated(0.0, 0.0, -10.0)
gl.glRotated(self.xRot / 16.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
gl.glRotated(self.yRot / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
gl.glRotated(self.zRot / 16.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
gl.glCallList(self.object)
def resizeGL(self, width, height):
side = min(width, height)
if side < 0:
return
gl.glViewport((width - side) // 2, (height - side) // 2, side,
side)
gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_PROJECTION)
gl.glLoadIdentity()
gl.glOrtho(-0.5, +0.5, +0.5, -0.5, 4.0, 15.0)
gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_MODELVIEW)
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
dx = event.x() - self.lastPos.x()
dy = event.y() - self.lastPos.y()
if event.buttons() & Qt.LeftButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setYRotation(self.yRot + 8 * dx)
elif event.buttons() & Qt.RightButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setZRotation(self.zRot + 8 * dx)
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def makeObject(self):
genList = gl.glGenLists(1)
gl.glNewList(genList, gl.GL_COMPILE)
gl.glBegin(gl.GL_QUADS)
x1 = +0.06
y1 = -0.14
x2 = +0.14
y2 = -0.06
x3 = +0.08
y3 = +0.00
x4 = +0.30
y4 = +0.22
self.quad(x1, y1, x2, y2, y2, x2, y1, x1)
self.quad(x3, y3, x4, y4, y4, x4, y3, x3)
self.extrude(x1, y1, x2, y2)
self.extrude(x2, y2, y2, x2)
self.extrude(y2, x2, y1, x1)
self.extrude(y1, x1, x1, y1)
self.extrude(x3, y3, x4, y4)
self.extrude(x4, y4, y4, x4)
self.extrude(y4, x4, y3, x3)
NumSectors = 200
for i in range(NumSectors):
angle1 = (i * 2 * math.pi) / NumSectors
x5 = 0.30 * math.sin(angle1)
y5 = 0.30 * math.cos(angle1)
x6 = 0.20 * math.sin(angle1)
y6 = 0.20 * math.cos(angle1)
angle2 = ((i + 1) * 2 * math.pi) / NumSectors
x7 = 0.20 * math.sin(angle2)
y7 = 0.20 * math.cos(angle2)
x8 = 0.30 * math.sin(angle2)
y8 = 0.30 * math.cos(angle2)
self.quad(x5, y5, x6, y6, x7, y7, x8, y8)
self.extrude(x6, y6, x7, y7)
self.extrude(x8, y8, x5, y5)
gl.glEnd()
gl.glEndList()
return genList
def quad(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4):
self.setColor(self.trolltechGreen)
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x3, y3, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x4, y4, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x4, y4, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x3, y3, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, +0.05)
def extrude(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
self.setColor(self.trolltechGreen.darker(250 + int(100 * x1)))
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, -0.05)
def normalizeAngle(self, angle):
while angle < 0:
angle += 360 * 16
while angle > 360 * 16:
angle -= 360 * 16
return angle
def setClearColor(self, c):
gl.glClearColor(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
def setColor(self, c):
gl.glColor4f(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
我一直在努力让 the PyQt5 helloGL example code 编译。当我尝试构建解决方案时，我得到：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\-PATH-\trunk\view\test.py", line 142, in initializeGL
self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
ImportError: No module named 'PyQt5._QOpenGLFunctions_4_3_Compatibility'
[Finished in 0.3s]
在我的 PyQt5 文件夹中，我有：
_QOpenGLFunctions_4_1_Core.pyd
_QOpenGLFunctions_2_0.pyd
_QOpenGLFunctions_2_1.pyd
作为我的一组不同版本的 QOpenGLFunctions。我试图搜索调用 versionFunctions() 的工作原理，看看我是否可以强制它使用 4_1_Core 文件，但无济于事。在几次重新启动后，我现在已经重新安装了 PyQt5 两次，看看它是否是奇怪的注册表恶作剧 - 这是在我确保更新我的图形驱动程序之后，以便正确版本的 OpenGL 甚至在我的系统上（如果那是某种原因）导致问题）
PyOpenGL 已安装并更新，我也重新安装了它。
我的最终目标是将 OpenGL 渲染器嵌入 Qt window，但我没有在 python 中找到很多关于如何做到这一点的示例。我使用 Vispy 有一段时间了，但 运行 也遇到了很多问题，因为他们的旧 Qt 示例也不再工作了。
这就是使用这两行的问题：
self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
self.gl.initializeOpenGLFunctions()
相反，您应该使用适当的 major/minor 版本创建自定义 QSurfaceFormat，并使用 QContext 的 setFormat 使其与合适的 opengl 版本一起工作。
无论如何，我会向您推荐一个简单得多的替代方案。对于我所有的 pyqt opengl 项目，我只使用 PyOpenGL directly on my widgets and I get the latest opengl version for free. Find below that hellogl example adapted to use PyOpengl directly, I've also added some routines to print your gpu information so you'll see the opengl version used will match your system's one (check it out with gpu caps viewer 或类似的）：
import sys
import math
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QPoint, QSize, Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QOpenGLWidget, QSlider,
QWidget)
import OpenGL.GL as gl
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(Window, self).__init__()
self.glWidget = GLWidget()
self.xSlider = self.createSlider()
self.ySlider = self.createSlider()
self.zSlider = self.createSlider()
self.xSlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setXRotation)
self.glWidget.xRotationChanged.connect(self.xSlider.setValue)
self.ySlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setYRotation)
self.glWidget.yRotationChanged.connect(self.ySlider.setValue)
self.zSlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setZRotation)
self.glWidget.zRotationChanged.connect(self.zSlider.setValue)
mainLayout = QHBoxLayout()
mainLayout.addWidget(self.glWidget)
mainLayout.addWidget(self.xSlider)
mainLayout.addWidget(self.ySlider)
mainLayout.addWidget(self.zSlider)
self.setLayout(mainLayout)
self.xSlider.setValue(15 * 16)
self.ySlider.setValue(345 * 16)
self.zSlider.setValue(0 * 16)
self.setWindowTitle("Hello GL")
def createSlider(self):
slider = QSlider(Qt.Vertical)
slider.setRange(0, 360 * 16)
slider.setSingleStep(16)
slider.setPageStep(15 * 16)
slider.setTickInterval(15 * 16)
slider.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksRight)
return slider
class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
xRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
yRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
zRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(GLWidget, self).__init__(parent)
self.object = 0
self.xRot = 0
self.yRot = 0
self.zRot = 0
self.lastPos = QPoint()
self.trolltechGreen = QColor.fromCmykF(0.40, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
self.trolltechPurple = QColor.fromCmykF(0.39, 0.39, 0.0, 0.0)
def getOpenglInfo(self):
info = """
Vendor: {0}
Renderer: {1}
OpenGL Version: {2}
Shader Version: {3}
""".format(
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_VENDOR),
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_RENDERER),
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_VERSION),
gl.glGetString(gl.GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION)
)
return info
def minimumSizeHint(self):
return QSize(50, 50)
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(400, 400)
def setXRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.xRot:
self.xRot = angle
self.xRotationChanged.emit(angle)
self.update()
def setYRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.yRot:
self.yRot = angle
self.yRotationChanged.emit(angle)
self.update()
def setZRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.zRot:
self.zRot = angle
self.zRotationChanged.emit(angle)
self.update()
def initializeGL(self):
print(self.getOpenglInfo())
self.setClearColor(self.trolltechPurple.darker())
self.object = self.makeObject()
gl.glShadeModel(gl.GL_FLAT)
gl.glEnable(gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
gl.glEnable(gl.GL_CULL_FACE)
def paintGL(self):
gl.glClear(
gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
gl.glLoadIdentity()
gl.glTranslated(0.0, 0.0, -10.0)
gl.glRotated(self.xRot / 16.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
gl.glRotated(self.yRot / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
gl.glRotated(self.zRot / 16.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
gl.glCallList(self.object)
def resizeGL(self, width, height):
side = min(width, height)
if side < 0:
return
gl.glViewport((width - side) // 2, (height - side) // 2, side,
side)
gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_PROJECTION)
gl.glLoadIdentity()
gl.glOrtho(-0.5, +0.5, +0.5, -0.5, 4.0, 15.0)
gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_MODELVIEW)
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
dx = event.x() - self.lastPos.x()
dy = event.y() - self.lastPos.y()
if event.buttons() & Qt.LeftButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setYRotation(self.yRot + 8 * dx)
elif event.buttons() & Qt.RightButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setZRotation(self.zRot + 8 * dx)
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def makeObject(self):
genList = gl.glGenLists(1)
gl.glNewList(genList, gl.GL_COMPILE)
gl.glBegin(gl.GL_QUADS)
x1 = +0.06
y1 = -0.14
x2 = +0.14
y2 = -0.06
x3 = +0.08
y3 = +0.00
x4 = +0.30
y4 = +0.22
self.quad(x1, y1, x2, y2, y2, x2, y1, x1)
self.quad(x3, y3, x4, y4, y4, x4, y3, x3)
self.extrude(x1, y1, x2, y2)
self.extrude(x2, y2, y2, x2)
self.extrude(y2, x2, y1, x1)
self.extrude(y1, x1, x1, y1)
self.extrude(x3, y3, x4, y4)
self.extrude(x4, y4, y4, x4)
self.extrude(y4, x4, y3, x3)
NumSectors = 200
for i in range(NumSectors):
angle1 = (i * 2 * math.pi) / NumSectors
x5 = 0.30 * math.sin(angle1)
y5 = 0.30 * math.cos(angle1)
x6 = 0.20 * math.sin(angle1)
y6 = 0.20 * math.cos(angle1)
angle2 = ((i + 1) * 2 * math.pi) / NumSectors
x7 = 0.20 * math.sin(angle2)
y7 = 0.20 * math.cos(angle2)
x8 = 0.30 * math.sin(angle2)
y8 = 0.30 * math.cos(angle2)
self.quad(x5, y5, x6, y6, x7, y7, x8, y8)
self.extrude(x6, y6, x7, y7)
self.extrude(x8, y8, x5, y5)
gl.glEnd()
gl.glEndList()
return genList
def quad(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4):
self.setColor(self.trolltechGreen)
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x3, y3, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x4, y4, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x4, y4, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x3, y3, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, +0.05)
def extrude(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
self.setColor(self.trolltechGreen.darker(250 + int(100 * x1)))
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, +0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, -0.05)
gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, -0.05)
def normalizeAngle(self, angle):
while angle < 0:
angle += 360 * 16
while angle > 360 * 16:
angle -= 360 * 16
return angle
def setClearColor(self, c):
gl.glClearColor(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
def setColor(self, c):
gl.glColor4f(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())