Django

Question

我正在为 Django REST Framework 应用编写单元测试并使用 factory_boy 创建我的假测试数据。运行我的测试出现以下错误：

File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/unittest/loader.py", line 254, in _find_tests
  module = self._get_module_from_name(name)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/unittest/loader.py", line 232, in _get_module_from_name
  __import__(name)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/osf-meetings/meetings/conferences/tests.py", line 27, in <module>
  class SubmissionFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/osf-meetings/meetings/conferences/tests.py", line 34, in SubmissionFactory
  username = 'contributor'
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/factory/base.py", line 67, in __call__
  return cls.create(**kwargs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/factory/base.py", line 594, in create
  return cls._generate(True, attrs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/factory/base.py", line 519, in _generate
  obj = cls._prepare(create, **attrs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/factory/base.py", line 494, in _prepare
  return cls._create(model_class, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/factory/django.py", line 181, in _create
  return manager.create(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 122, in manager_method
  return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 401, in create
  obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 74, in save
  super(AbstractBaseUser, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 708, in save
  force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 736, in save_base
  updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 820, in _save_table
  result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 859, in _do_insert
  using=using, raw=raw)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 122, in manager_method
  return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1039, in _insert
  return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1060, in execute_sql
  cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
  return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 95, in __exit__
  six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
  return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/thomasheatwole/.virtualenvs/django/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 323, in execute
  return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: auth_user.username

不太确定这是什么意思或导致它的原因。这里是定义工厂的地方：

class UserFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta: 
        model = User

这里是创建实例的地方：

contributor = UserFactory(
    username = 'contributor'
    )

完整文件如下：tests.py

如果有简单的解决方法，请告诉我。谢谢！

Answer 1

原来我给工厂打了两次电话，所以两个用户都得到了 username = 'contributor'。简单的解决方法是不在工厂内定义用户名，而是在调用工厂时定义它。

Answer 2

如您的回复所述，问题是您对 unique=True 字段使用了固定值。

一个解决方案是在每次调用 UserFactory 时传递 username；但是，factory_boy 的目标是避免必须指定此类字段，除非测试需要特定值。

在您的示例中，您应该使用受以下启发的定义：

class UserFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = models.User

    username = factory.Faker('username')

根据该定义，每次调用 UserFactory 都会提供具有不同用户名的 User。

并且，如果必须为特定测试设置 username，只需调用 UserFactory(username='john')。

Django - 唯一约束失败：auth_user.username

Django - UNIQUE constraint failed: auth_user.username

python

django-rest-framework

factory-boy