如何将 parent pom 的依赖关系继承到 child pom

Question

我是 maven 和 jenkins 的新手。我正在尝试将依赖项从 parent pom 继承到 child pom 它显示以下错误：

[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/XMLConverters.java:[10,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/XMLConverters.java:[11,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/XMLConverters.java:[15,38] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class AbstractRequestMessageData_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.wss.util.XMLConverters
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/XMLConverters.java:[26,23] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class AbstractResponseMessageData_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.wss.util.XMLConverters
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/UsTermRateItemComparator.java:[5,42] package com.rpmtec.current.UsTermRate_Type does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/UsTermRateItemComparator.java:[7,61] cannot find symbol
  symbol: class UsTermRateItems
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/UsTermRateItemComparator.java:[9,28] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class UsTermRateItems
  location: class com.td.inv.wss.util.UsTermRateItemComparator
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/UsTermRateItemComparator.java:[9,48] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class UsTermRateItems
  location: class com.td.inv.wss.util.UsTermRateItemComparator
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[9,40] package com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[10,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[11,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[12,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[13,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[14,42] package com.rpmtec.current.UsTermRate_Type does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[19,2] cannot find symbol
  symbol: class JsonIgnoreProperties
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[69,22] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class ORCA_GETTERMHOLDINGRS_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.model.COIRQ
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[69,66] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class RPM_GETPLANACCOUNTOVERVIEWRS_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.model.COIRQ
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/model/COIRQ.java:[70,25] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class ORCA_GETTERMINSTRUCTIONRS_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.model.COIRQ
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[5,26] package javax.ws.rs.client does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[6,26] package javax.ws.rs.client does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[7,26] package javax.ws.rs.client does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[8,26] package javax.ws.rs.client does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[9,24] package javax.ws.rs.core does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[15,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[16,26] package com.rpmtec.current does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[23,57] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class AbstractRequestMessageData_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.wss.util.RPMInvoker
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/util/RPMInvoker.java:[24,41] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   class AbstractResponseMessageData_Type
  location: class com.td.inv.wss.util.RPMInvoker
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/application/InvestmentAPI.java:[4,19] package javax.ws.rs does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/application/InvestmentAPI.java:[5,24] package javax.ws.rs.core does not exist
[ERROR] /D:/jenkins/workspace/CBAW/testP/WSW_Investment/src/main/java/com/td/inv/wss/application/InvestmentAPI.java:[9,36] cannot find symbol
  symbol: class Application

这是我的 parent POM：

.....
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>group1</groupId>
<artifactId>group1-artifact</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>

<modules>
     <module>child1</module>
</modules>
.......

这是我的 child POM：

.....
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
    <groupId>group1</groupId>
    <artifactId>group1-artifact</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>(full url.....)/jenkins-parent-pom//pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<groupId>group1</groupId>
<artifactId>child1</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
......

以下是我如何尝试从 parent POM 继承 child POM 中的依赖项：

<dependencyManagement>  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>group1</groupId>
      <artifactId>group1-artifact</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.1</version>
      <type>pom</type>
      <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

如果我将这些相同的依赖项放在 child POM 中，它会完美运行。我使用 jenkins clean install 进行安装，deploy 进行部署。我正在使用 maven-3.3.9。在 jenkins 中，我已经阅读了来自 git 的两个不同 Maven 项目中的 parent 和 child poms。我想从 parent POM 继承所有依赖项和插件。是否可以？

Answer 1

事实上，您有两种方法可以解决这个问题。

要么在 <dependencyManagement /> 节点下的 parent pom 中考虑依赖项，然后在每个需要它的 child 中，在 <dependencies /> 节点中添加依赖项。可以选择不设置依赖的版本。
或者你在 <dependencies /> 节点的 parent pom 中声明依赖，每个 child 都会从依赖中受益。

例如，如果您在 parent pom 中声明：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.21</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

那么slf4j-api将成为所有children的依赖。但是，如果需要，您必须在 child 的 pom 中添加对 slf4j-simple 的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <group>org.slf4j</group>
        <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

对于插件，它的工作原理相同，但使用 <pluginManagement /> 和 <plugins /> 节点。所有配置都可以放在 parent pom 的插件定义中，您只需在 child pom.

的 <build /> 部分声明插件即可

Answer 2

您应该在 <dependencies> 部分下声明要继承的依赖项以实现此目的。 <dependencyManagement> 用于以后必须在需要时在特定子项的 <dependencies> 中引用才能生效的定义。

UPDATE：声明每个子 pom 将继承的依赖项时要小心。很快你就会得到你并不真正需要的依赖项，因为它们是在父项中声明的。正如其他评论者所提到的，<dependencyManagement> 可能是更好的选择，尽管它不是您最初想要的。

Answer 3

下面是您应该如何使用父 poms 和子 poms 的示例。

父pom如下：

.....
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>group1</groupId>
<artifactId>group1-artifact</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>

<modules>
     <module>child1</module>
     // add more childs here
</modules>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.abc</groupId>
            <artifactId>xyz</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
.......

如果您在 dependencyManagement 标记中指定依赖项，它 仅意味着您正在使此 jar 可用于子 pom。此时 NOT 实际下载 jar。子 pom 将必须提供 groupId 和 artifactId 显式来下载和使用 jar 来编译它的类。 注意：您不必在子 poms 中包含依赖项的版本。

子pom如下：

.....
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<parent>            // this is how you will inherit from parent pom
    <groupId>group1</groupId>
    <artifactId>group1-artifact</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.1</version>
</parent>

<groupId>child1</groupId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            // no version needed as it would inherit from the parent pom
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.abc</groupId>
            <artifactId>xyz</artifactId>
            // no version needed as it would inherit from the parent pom
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

.......

将所有子项共有的依赖项放在父项 pom 的 dependencyManagement 标记中是一个很好的做法。这样您就可以从一个地方管理这些依赖项的版本。

Answer 4

parent pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ll</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-module</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!-- child will inherit all content -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- child will inherit only version-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.7</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <modules>
        <module>sub-module1</module>
        <module>sub-module2</module>
    </modules>
</project>

child pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ll</groupId>
        <artifactId>parent-module</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ll</groupId>
    <artifactId>sub-module1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

1.child will use zookeeper:3.5.7, the version is from parent pom.xml <dependencyManagement>:<dependencies>:<dependency>. 

2.child will use protobuf-java:3.11.o, it is from parent pom.xml <dependencies>:<dependency>.

Answer 5

在 <dependencyManagement> 中添加的任何内容都会自动添加到 child 的 pom.xml 中。唯一需要注意的是，在 child 的 pom 中我们不需要显式添加版本，否则那将是仅适用于 child 模块的其他依赖项。

parent_pom.xml

    <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

child_pom.xml

        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
          <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

如何将 parent pom 的依赖关系继承到 child pom

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