`plot.lm()` 生成的 "residuals vs leverage" 图中的红色实线是什么?

What is the red solid line in the "residuals vs leverage" plot produced by `plot.lm()`?

fit <- lm(dist ~ speed, cars)
plot(fit, which = 5)

图中红色实线是什么意思?

我认为这与厨师的距离无关。

这是 LOESS 回归线(span = 2/3degree = 2),通过平滑标准化残差对杠杆率。

plot.lm()内部,变量xx是杠杆,而rsp是Pearson残差(即标准化残差)。然后,散点图以及红色实线绘制为:

graphics::panel.smooth(xx, rsp)

这是此函数的作用:

> panel.smooth
function (x, y, col = par("col"), bg = NA, pch = par("pch"), 
    cex = 1, col.smooth = "red", span = 2/3, iter = 3, ...) 
{
    points(x, y, pch = pch, col = col, bg = bg, cex = cex)
    ok <- is.finite(x) & is.finite(y)
    if (any(ok)) 
        lines(stats::lowess(x[ok], y[ok], f = span, iter = iter), 
            col = col.smooth, ...)
}
<bytecode: 0xabc0004>
<environment: namespace:graphics>

?plot.lm 的 R 文档并未解释所有内容。从"Arguments"部分最多可以得到如下提示:

panel   

    panel function. The useful alternative to `points`, `panel.smooth` can be
    chosen by `add.smooth = TRUE`.

add.smooth  

    logical indicating if a smoother should be added to most plots; see also 
    panel above.

通常 add.smooth = TRUE 是默认值,因此您会看到红色实线。但是你可以使用 add = FALSE 来抑制它:

plot(fit, which = 5, add.smooth = FALSE)