AWK 避免重新格式化类似日期的值
AWK Avoid Reformatting of date-like values
问题是：
我给 AWK 输入一个逗号分隔的 table（并指定 FS=","），取第 2-3 列的平均值，第 4-5 列相同并打印第一列值 \ t 平均 1 \t 平均 2 \n
但
第一列有基因名，其中一些看起来像日期
和
当我打印时，这些名称发生变化，例如 "Sept15" 更改为“15-Sep”，我想避免这种情况
awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS="\t"}{if(NR==1){next}{print ,(+)/2,(+)/2}}' DESeqResults.csv | grep Sep
即使使用 printf(%s)
awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS="\t"}{if(NR==1){next}{printf("%s\t%d\t%d\n",,(+)/2,(+)/2) }}' DESeqResults.csv | grep Sep
我认为使用 printf 而不是 print 可以工作，但事实并非如此。而且我很确定在读取值并对其进行预处理时发生了一些事情，因为我只打印了该列和其他任何内容（同时使用 print 和 printf）并且值已经更改。
awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS="\t"}{if(NR==1){next}{print }}' DESeqResults.csv | grep Sep
AWK 版本：
GNU Awk 3.1.7
版权所有 (C) 1989、1991-2009 自由软件基金会。
这是 table 的示例：
genes,Tet2/3_Ctrtl_A,Tet2/3_Ctrtl_B,Tet2/3_DKO_A,Tet2/3_DKO_B,baseMean,baseMean_Tet2/3_Ctrtl,baseMean_Tet2/3_DKO,foldChange(Tet2/3_DKO/Tet2/3_Ctrtl),log2FoldChange,pval,padj
Sep15,187.0874494,213.5411848,289.6434172,338.0423229,1376.196203,926.4220733,1825.970332,1.970991824,0.978921792,5.88E-05,0.003018514
Psmb2,399.4650982,355.9642309,557.3871013,632.1236546,1462.399465,983.7201408,1941.078789,1.973202244,0.980538833,6.00E-05,0.003071175
Sept1,144.2402924,114.9623101,52.39183843,18.11079498,386.2494712,579.8722584,192.6266841,0.332188135,-1.58992755,0.000418681,0.014756367
Psmd8,101.3085151,68.51270408,140.650979,154.2588735,627.727588,396.4360624,859.0191136,2.166854116,1.115602027,0.000421417,0.014825295
Sepw1,388.2193716,337.7605508,209.8232326,155.9087497,639.6596557,787.1262578,492.1930536,0.625303817,-0.677370771,0.004039946,0.080871288
Cks1b,265.8259249,287.954538,337.1108392,408.0547432,865.5821999,642.8510296,1088.31337,1.692948008,0.759537668,0.004049464,0.0809765
Sept2,358.4252141,302.9219723,393.3509343,394.2208442,4218.71214,3392.272118,5045.152161,1.48724866,0.572645878,0.004380269,0.085547008
Tuba1a,19.47153869,11.1692256,40.09945086,28.7539846,142.1610148,75.37000403,208.9520256,2.772349933,1.47110937,0.004381599,0.085547008
Sepx1,14.5941944,15.37680483,53.70015607,105.5523799,157.8475412,40.73526884,274.9598136,6.749920191,2.754870444,0.010199249,0.153896056
Apc,10.90608004,13.56070852,6.445046152,4.536589807,363.4471652,466.2312058,260.6631245,0.559085538,-0.838859068,0.010251083,0.154555416
Sephs2,38.20092337,29.90249614,41.38713976,60.29027195,328.8398211,228.5362706,429.1433717,1.877791086,0.909036565,0.088470061,0.590328676
2310008H04Rik,12.72162335,13.98659226,17.77340283,16.88409867,175.2157133,133.5326829,216.8987437,1.624312033,0.699828804,0.088572283,0.590803249
Sepn1,16.26472482,11.00430796,7.219301889,7.109776037,119.8773488,144.9435253,94.81117235,0.654124923,-0.612361911,0.129473781,0.719395557
Fancc,6.590254663,5.520421849,8.969058939,8.394987722,111.479883,79.97866541,142.9811007,1.787740518,0.838137351,0.129516654,0.719423355
Sept7,170.6589676,187.3808346,185.8091089,158.0134115,1444.411676,1313.631233,1575.192119,1.199112871,0.261967464,0.189661613,0.852792911
Obsl1,1.400612677,0.51329399,0.299847728,0.105245908,10.77805777,17.15978377,4.396331776,0.256199719,-1.964659203,0.189677412,0.852792911
Sepp1,136.2725767,142.7392758,137.5079558,135.5576156,1055.39992,948.5532274,1162.246613,1.225283494,0.293115585,0.193768055,0.862790863
Tom1l2,6.079259794,5.972711213,4.188234003,1.879086398,93.62018078,115.620636,71.61972551,0.619437221,-0.690970019,0.193795263,0.862790863
Sept10,5.07506603,4.240574236,7.415271602,7.245735277,56.38191446,38.04292126,74.72090766,1.964121187,0.973883947,0.202050794,0.874641256
Jag2,0.531592511,1.753353521,0.106692242,0.099863326,7.812876603,14.01922398,1.606529221,0.114594732,-3.125387366,0.202074037,0.874641256
Sept9,25.71885843,9.170659969,29.98187141,23.5519093,333.6707351,231.1780024,436.1634678,1.8866997,0.915864812,0.227916377,0.920255208
Mad2l2,22.00853798,17.42180189,30.74357865,21.99530555,98.71951578,74.31522721,123.1238044,1.656777608,0.72837996,0.227920237,0.920255208
Sept8,3.128945597,4.413675869,1.658838722,1.197769008,38.73123291,52.59586062,24.8666052,0.472786354,-1.080739698,0.237101573,0.929055595
BC018465,1.974718423,2.171073663,0.264221349,0.123654833,5.802858162,10.40514412,1.200572199,0.115382563,-3.115502877,0.237135522,0.929055595
Sept11,51.69299305,57.36531814,51.69117677,51.61623861,915.6234052,837.2625097,993.9843007,1.187183576,0.247543039,0.259718041,0.949870478
Ccnc,11.42168015,13.32308428,14.76060133,12.19352385,173.0536821,146.6301746,199.4771895,1.36041023,0.444041759,0.259794956,0.949870478
Sept12,0,5.10639021,0,0.158638685,5.07217061,9.738384198,0.405957022,0.041686281,-4.584283515,0.388933297,1
Gclc,24.79641294,20.9904856,13.36470176,15.92090715,146.8502169,163.0012707,130.6991632,0.801829106,-0.318633307,0.3890016,1
Sept14,0.15949349,1.753526538,0,0,2.425489894,4.850979788,0,0,#NAME?,0.396160673,1
Slc17a1,0.131471208,1.445439884,0,0,2.425489894,4.850979788,0,0,#NAME?,0.396160673,1
Sept6,34.11050622,30.16102302,28.2562382,14.56889172,602.5658704,661.8163161,543.3154247,0.820945951,-0.284640854,0.416246976,1
Unc119,6.098478253,9.710512531,4.558282355,1.738214353,23.04654843,30.90026472,15.19283214,0.491673203,-1.024228366,0.416259755,1
Sept4,2.305246374,2.534467513,1.18972284,0.618652085,8.87244411,12.13933481,5.605553408,0.461767757,-1.114760654,0.560252893,1
Ddb2,11.25366078,17.32172888,10.50269513,6.025122118,71.81085298,83.53254996,60.089156,0.719350194,-0.475233821,0.560482212,1
Sephs1,20.92060935,15.48240612,15.94132159,11.57137656,288.7538099,298.3521103,279.1555094,0.935657902,-0.095946952,0.568672243,1
BC021785,0.135120133,0.891334456,0.108476095,0.101533002,5.825443635,9.241093439,2.409793832,0.260769339,-1.939153843,0.568713405,1
Sepsecs,7.276880132,6.154194955,5.055549522,3.680417498,35.9322246,39.77711194,32.08733726,0.806678406,-0.309934458,0.673968316,1
Osbpl7,10.51628336,5.69720028,7.157857243,5.382675661,86.65916873,88.67338952,84.64494794,0.954569893,-0.06707726,0.674000752,1
Sept3,0.113880577,0.250408482,0.228561799,0.042786507,2.505996654,2.619498342,2.392494966,0.913340897,-0.13077466,1,1
Sept5,0.126649979,0,0.203352303,0,0.609528347,0.424441516,0.794615178,1.872142914,0.904690571,1,1
Serpina11,0,0,0.14524189,0,0.198653794,0,0.397307589,Inf,Inf,1,1
正在将大量评论转化为答案
否；默认情况下，awk 不会将 Sep15 等字符串转换为日期 15-Sep，即使在 Mac 上也是如此。至少，我测试过 Mac OS X 10.10.2 Yosemite 上的标准 awk，我也不希望它与任何其他变体一起使用awk 我曾在 Mac.
上见过
[...时间过去了...] 让我有些惊讶的是，我安装了 gawk，它是 GNU Awk 3.1.7 版权所有 (C) 1989、1991- 2009 自由软件基金会。 （我知道我安装了 gawk，但我希望它是 4.x 版本。）鉴于你在我的 Mac 上的数据，你的第一个 awk 的输出（ gawk) 您提供的数据上的命令在第一列上没有任何映射。如果您随后将数据导入电子表格，电子表格可以进行各种转换，但这不是 awk 的错。
您在早期评论中提到了 Mac；你在使用 Mac OS X 吗？我不希望在电子表格之外发现任何问题。如果将数据导入到电子表格中，那么当我发现第 1 列中的 'date-like' 值被重新格式化时，我不会感到惊讶。
我尝试将 CSV 从问题中的数据导入 LibreOffice（4.4.1.2 或 4.4.1002，具体取决于您查找版本号的位置），但第 1 列中的数据没有发生任何转换。同样，Numbers 3.5.2 和 OpenOffice 4.1.1 都保留了 'Sep' 开头的键。
不幸的是，MS Excel（对于 Mac 2011，版本 14.4.8 — 150116）将此类列值转换为日期（因此 Sep15 变为 15-Sep，例如）。即使将列嵌入双引号也无济于事。除了 "do not use MS Excel".
我没有好的解决方案
可能有一种方法可以抑制这种行为，但您需要提出一个标记为 excel and csv rather than awk and printing and printf 的问题。
顺便说一句，在 'excel csv import force text' 上进行 Google 搜索会发现 Stop Excel from automatically converting certain text values to dates? 此处概述的一些技术（特别是 "rename the file from .csv to .txt" 技术）有效。
问题是： 我给 AWK 输入一个逗号分隔的 table（并指定 FS=","），取第 2-3 列的平均值，第 4-5 列相同并打印第一列值 \ t 平均 1 \t 平均 2 \n 但 第一列有基因名，其中一些看起来像日期 和 当我打印时，这些名称发生变化，例如 "Sept15" 更改为“15-Sep”，我想避免这种情况
awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS="\t"}{if(NR==1){next}{print ,(+)/2,(+)/2}}' DESeqResults.csv | grep Sep
即使使用 printf(%s)
awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS="\t"}{if(NR==1){next}{printf("%s\t%d\t%d\n",,(+)/2,(+)/2) }}' DESeqResults.csv | grep Sep
我认为使用 printf 而不是 print 可以工作，但事实并非如此。而且我很确定在读取值并对其进行预处理时发生了一些事情，因为我只打印了该列和其他任何内容（同时使用 print 和 printf）并且值已经更改。
awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS="\t"}{if(NR==1){next}{print }}' DESeqResults.csv | grep Sep
AWK 版本： GNU Awk 3.1.7 版权所有 (C) 1989、1991-2009 自由软件基金会。
这是 table 的示例：
genes,Tet2/3_Ctrtl_A,Tet2/3_Ctrtl_B,Tet2/3_DKO_A,Tet2/3_DKO_B,baseMean,baseMean_Tet2/3_Ctrtl,baseMean_Tet2/3_DKO,foldChange(Tet2/3_DKO/Tet2/3_Ctrtl),log2FoldChange,pval,padj
Sep15,187.0874494,213.5411848,289.6434172,338.0423229,1376.196203,926.4220733,1825.970332,1.970991824,0.978921792,5.88E-05,0.003018514
Psmb2,399.4650982,355.9642309,557.3871013,632.1236546,1462.399465,983.7201408,1941.078789,1.973202244,0.980538833,6.00E-05,0.003071175
Sept1,144.2402924,114.9623101,52.39183843,18.11079498,386.2494712,579.8722584,192.6266841,0.332188135,-1.58992755,0.000418681,0.014756367
Psmd8,101.3085151,68.51270408,140.650979,154.2588735,627.727588,396.4360624,859.0191136,2.166854116,1.115602027,0.000421417,0.014825295
Sepw1,388.2193716,337.7605508,209.8232326,155.9087497,639.6596557,787.1262578,492.1930536,0.625303817,-0.677370771,0.004039946,0.080871288
Cks1b,265.8259249,287.954538,337.1108392,408.0547432,865.5821999,642.8510296,1088.31337,1.692948008,0.759537668,0.004049464,0.0809765
Sept2,358.4252141,302.9219723,393.3509343,394.2208442,4218.71214,3392.272118,5045.152161,1.48724866,0.572645878,0.004380269,0.085547008
Tuba1a,19.47153869,11.1692256,40.09945086,28.7539846,142.1610148,75.37000403,208.9520256,2.772349933,1.47110937,0.004381599,0.085547008
Sepx1,14.5941944,15.37680483,53.70015607,105.5523799,157.8475412,40.73526884,274.9598136,6.749920191,2.754870444,0.010199249,0.153896056
Apc,10.90608004,13.56070852,6.445046152,4.536589807,363.4471652,466.2312058,260.6631245,0.559085538,-0.838859068,0.010251083,0.154555416
Sephs2,38.20092337,29.90249614,41.38713976,60.29027195,328.8398211,228.5362706,429.1433717,1.877791086,0.909036565,0.088470061,0.590328676
2310008H04Rik,12.72162335,13.98659226,17.77340283,16.88409867,175.2157133,133.5326829,216.8987437,1.624312033,0.699828804,0.088572283,0.590803249
Sepn1,16.26472482,11.00430796,7.219301889,7.109776037,119.8773488,144.9435253,94.81117235,0.654124923,-0.612361911,0.129473781,0.719395557
Fancc,6.590254663,5.520421849,8.969058939,8.394987722,111.479883,79.97866541,142.9811007,1.787740518,0.838137351,0.129516654,0.719423355
Sept7,170.6589676,187.3808346,185.8091089,158.0134115,1444.411676,1313.631233,1575.192119,1.199112871,0.261967464,0.189661613,0.852792911
Obsl1,1.400612677,0.51329399,0.299847728,0.105245908,10.77805777,17.15978377,4.396331776,0.256199719,-1.964659203,0.189677412,0.852792911
Sepp1,136.2725767,142.7392758,137.5079558,135.5576156,1055.39992,948.5532274,1162.246613,1.225283494,0.293115585,0.193768055,0.862790863
Tom1l2,6.079259794,5.972711213,4.188234003,1.879086398,93.62018078,115.620636,71.61972551,0.619437221,-0.690970019,0.193795263,0.862790863
Sept10,5.07506603,4.240574236,7.415271602,7.245735277,56.38191446,38.04292126,74.72090766,1.964121187,0.973883947,0.202050794,0.874641256
Jag2,0.531592511,1.753353521,0.106692242,0.099863326,7.812876603,14.01922398,1.606529221,0.114594732,-3.125387366,0.202074037,0.874641256
Sept9,25.71885843,9.170659969,29.98187141,23.5519093,333.6707351,231.1780024,436.1634678,1.8866997,0.915864812,0.227916377,0.920255208
Mad2l2,22.00853798,17.42180189,30.74357865,21.99530555,98.71951578,74.31522721,123.1238044,1.656777608,0.72837996,0.227920237,0.920255208
Sept8,3.128945597,4.413675869,1.658838722,1.197769008,38.73123291,52.59586062,24.8666052,0.472786354,-1.080739698,0.237101573,0.929055595
BC018465,1.974718423,2.171073663,0.264221349,0.123654833,5.802858162,10.40514412,1.200572199,0.115382563,-3.115502877,0.237135522,0.929055595
Sept11,51.69299305,57.36531814,51.69117677,51.61623861,915.6234052,837.2625097,993.9843007,1.187183576,0.247543039,0.259718041,0.949870478
Ccnc,11.42168015,13.32308428,14.76060133,12.19352385,173.0536821,146.6301746,199.4771895,1.36041023,0.444041759,0.259794956,0.949870478
Sept12,0,5.10639021,0,0.158638685,5.07217061,9.738384198,0.405957022,0.041686281,-4.584283515,0.388933297,1
Gclc,24.79641294,20.9904856,13.36470176,15.92090715,146.8502169,163.0012707,130.6991632,0.801829106,-0.318633307,0.3890016,1
Sept14,0.15949349,1.753526538,0,0,2.425489894,4.850979788,0,0,#NAME?,0.396160673,1
Slc17a1,0.131471208,1.445439884,0,0,2.425489894,4.850979788,0,0,#NAME?,0.396160673,1
Sept6,34.11050622,30.16102302,28.2562382,14.56889172,602.5658704,661.8163161,543.3154247,0.820945951,-0.284640854,0.416246976,1
Unc119,6.098478253,9.710512531,4.558282355,1.738214353,23.04654843,30.90026472,15.19283214,0.491673203,-1.024228366,0.416259755,1
Sept4,2.305246374,2.534467513,1.18972284,0.618652085,8.87244411,12.13933481,5.605553408,0.461767757,-1.114760654,0.560252893,1
Ddb2,11.25366078,17.32172888,10.50269513,6.025122118,71.81085298,83.53254996,60.089156,0.719350194,-0.475233821,0.560482212,1
Sephs1,20.92060935,15.48240612,15.94132159,11.57137656,288.7538099,298.3521103,279.1555094,0.935657902,-0.095946952,0.568672243,1
BC021785,0.135120133,0.891334456,0.108476095,0.101533002,5.825443635,9.241093439,2.409793832,0.260769339,-1.939153843,0.568713405,1
Sepsecs,7.276880132,6.154194955,5.055549522,3.680417498,35.9322246,39.77711194,32.08733726,0.806678406,-0.309934458,0.673968316,1
Osbpl7,10.51628336,5.69720028,7.157857243,5.382675661,86.65916873,88.67338952,84.64494794,0.954569893,-0.06707726,0.674000752,1
Sept3,0.113880577,0.250408482,0.228561799,0.042786507,2.505996654,2.619498342,2.392494966,0.913340897,-0.13077466,1,1
Sept5,0.126649979,0,0.203352303,0,0.609528347,0.424441516,0.794615178,1.872142914,0.904690571,1,1
Serpina11,0,0,0.14524189,0,0.198653794,0,0.397307589,Inf,Inf,1,1
正在将大量评论转化为答案
否；默认情况下，awk 不会将 Sep15 等字符串转换为日期 15-Sep，即使在 Mac 上也是如此。至少，我测试过 Mac OS X 10.10.2 Yosemite 上的标准 awk，我也不希望它与任何其他变体一起使用awk 我曾在 Mac.
[...时间过去了...] 让我有些惊讶的是，我安装了 gawk，它是 GNU Awk 3.1.7 版权所有 (C) 1989、1991- 2009 自由软件基金会。 （我知道我安装了 gawk，但我希望它是 4.x 版本。）鉴于你在我的 Mac 上的数据，你的第一个 awk 的输出（ gawk) 您提供的数据上的命令在第一列上没有任何映射。如果您随后将数据导入电子表格，电子表格可以进行各种转换，但这不是 awk 的错。
您在早期评论中提到了 Mac；你在使用 Mac OS X 吗？我不希望在电子表格之外发现任何问题。如果将数据导入到电子表格中，那么当我发现第 1 列中的 'date-like' 值被重新格式化时，我不会感到惊讶。
我尝试将 CSV 从问题中的数据导入 LibreOffice（4.4.1.2 或 4.4.1002，具体取决于您查找版本号的位置），但第 1 列中的数据没有发生任何转换。同样，Numbers 3.5.2 和 OpenOffice 4.1.1 都保留了 'Sep' 开头的键。
不幸的是，MS Excel（对于 Mac 2011，版本 14.4.8 — 150116）将此类列值转换为日期（因此 Sep15 变为 15-Sep，例如）。即使将列嵌入双引号也无济于事。除了 "do not use MS Excel".
可能有一种方法可以抑制这种行为，但您需要提出一个标记为 excel and csv rather than awk and printing and printf 的问题。
顺便说一句，在 'excel csv import force text' 上进行 Google 搜索会发现 Stop Excel from automatically converting certain text values to dates? 此处概述的一些技术（特别是 "rename the file from .csv to .txt" 技术）有效。