Django 将原始查询结果作为对象获取
Django get raw query result as objects
我最近开始学习 Django。我有2个案例。其中 1 个按我的意愿工作。另一个不是。
工作案例：
cursor = connections['ticket'].cursor()
raw_query = "SELECT * FROM ticket WHERE customer_code = '%s'" % customer.custid
cursor.execute(raw_query)
tickets = cursor.fetchall()
当我在模板中使用门票时：
{{ ticket.name }}
它打印它的值。
现在其他不工作的情况：
cursor = connections['ubds'].cursor()
raw_query = """SELECT * FROM IncomeTransactions WHERE CustID = '%s' AND TranType = '17'"""\
"""ORDER BY TranDate ASC""" % (request.session['member_id'])
cursor.execute(raw_query)
invoices = cursor.fetchall()
当我打印它的值时：
{{ invoice.name }} #blank result
它没有打印任何东西。只是空白。但是当我访问索引并打印它时它有效
{{ invoice.2 }} #it printing 3rd column from table
我怀疑第一个 return 对象，但第二个 returning 数组（元组）。但他们都使用相同的功能。可能是什么原因？在第二种情况下如何通过列名访问？
编辑：在两种情况下打印结果
print tickets
[(917235, 162, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 1, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 8199484.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.101', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (920746, 681, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 2, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 5237942.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17 , None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.141', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (924625, 1148, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 6574669.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.141', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (928477, 1690, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001- 08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 4269964.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.31', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (932106, 1103, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 5, 19, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-04', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u' 0002', None, None, 2408917.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None , None, u'192.168.0.121', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (934461, 173, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 6, 20, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a' ,u'0002',None,None,12024.0,u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04af\u043d\u044d',17,None,None,None, None, u'192.168.0.109', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (936002, 8, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-04', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 52355.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None , None, None, u'192.168.0.75', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (938032, 16, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 20, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 40833.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.78', u 'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (940140, 53, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 9, 10, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 1399746.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.143 ', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (942116, 179, None, datetime.datetime(2014 , 9, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 40833.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u' 192.168.0.54', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (946440, 96, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 270453.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None , u'192.168.0.196', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (949055, 105, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 11, 13, 0, 0, tzinfo=) , u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 2869320.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.196', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (952901, 169, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 7107883.0, u '\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.196', u'mijiddorj' , 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (1118349, 177, None, datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 19, 0 , 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 7546811.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.63', u 'Handaa', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (1122726, 273, None, datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 8005173.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.75 ', u'Handaa', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None)]
print invoices
((1L, u'T15021715135295', 2L, u'call', u'\u0428\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d.test122123', u'closed', u'99881122', 2L, u '\u0414\u04af\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0445\u04af\u04af \u042d\u043d\u0445\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044d\u0433', 4L, u'\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0445\u04af\u04af \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447', 10L, u'\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0436 \u0430\u0445\u0443\u0439\u043d \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430', datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 21, 15, 13, 52, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 26, 18, 53, 36, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 26, 17, 20, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 17, 15, 13, 52, tzinfo=), None, None, None, u'agent-101-1424234875-330.wav', u'0002', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u' ', None, u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', '\x01', '\x00', '\x01', '\x01'), ( 2L, u'T15030212560836', 2L, u'调用', u'测试测试', u'打开', u'99081133', 2L, u'\u0414\u04af\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0445\u04af\u04af \u042d\u043d\u0445\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044d\u0433', None, None, None, None, datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 2, 12, 56, 8, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 2, 12, 56, 8, tzinfo=), None, None, u'', None, None, None, u' 0002', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0434', 14000L, u'3', u'\u0410\u043c\u0430\u0440', u'55 ', u'55', u'boldoo@gmail.com', '\x00', '\x00', '\x00', '\x00'))
区别在于第一个（工作的）有 [( )]，但第二个（不工作的）有 (( ))。
嗯，我不明白为什么第一个示例有效。它不应该 - cursor.fetchall() 总是 returns 元组列表。
但是，如果您想获取字典列表而不是元组列表，请使用 django documentation 中的方法：
def dictfetchall(cursor):
desc = cursor.description
return [dict(zip([col[0] for col in desc], row))
for row in cursor.fetchall()]
...
cursor.execute(raw_query)
invoices = dictfetchall(cursor)
要获取原始结果作为模型实例，请使用 raw() 查询集方法：
raw_query = "SELECT * FROM ticket WHERE customer_code = '%s'"
tickets = Ticket.objects.raw(raw_query, params=[customer.custid])
Always（是的，总是）使用 params 参数传递您的参数，这将保护您免受 SQL 注入攻击。将参数传递给 cursor.execute.
时，您也应该这样做
我最近开始学习 Django。我有2个案例。其中 1 个按我的意愿工作。另一个不是。
工作案例：
cursor = connections['ticket'].cursor()
raw_query = "SELECT * FROM ticket WHERE customer_code = '%s'" % customer.custid
cursor.execute(raw_query)
tickets = cursor.fetchall()
当我在模板中使用门票时：
{{ ticket.name }}
它打印它的值。
现在其他不工作的情况：
cursor = connections['ubds'].cursor()
raw_query = """SELECT * FROM IncomeTransactions WHERE CustID = '%s' AND TranType = '17'"""\
"""ORDER BY TranDate ASC""" % (request.session['member_id'])
cursor.execute(raw_query)
invoices = cursor.fetchall()
当我打印它的值时：
{{ invoice.name }} #blank result
它没有打印任何东西。只是空白。但是当我访问索引并打印它时它有效
{{ invoice.2 }} #it printing 3rd column from table
我怀疑第一个 return 对象，但第二个 returning 数组（元组）。但他们都使用相同的功能。可能是什么原因？在第二种情况下如何通过列名访问？
编辑：在两种情况下打印结果
print tickets
[(917235, 162, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 1, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 8199484.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.101', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (920746, 681, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 2, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 5237942.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17 , None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.141', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (924625, 1148, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 6574669.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.141', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (928477, 1690, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001- 08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 4269964.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.31', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (932106, 1103, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 5, 19, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-04', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u' 0002', None, None, 2408917.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None , None, u'192.168.0.121', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (934461, 173, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 6, 20, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a' ,u'0002',None,None,12024.0,u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04af\u043d\u044d',17,None,None,None, None, u'192.168.0.109', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (936002, 8, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-04', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 52355.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None , None, None, u'192.168.0.75', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (938032, 16, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 20, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 40833.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.78', u 'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (940140, 53, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 9, 10, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 1399746.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.143 ', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (942116, 179, None, datetime.datetime(2014 , 9, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 40833.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u' 192.168.0.54', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (946440, 96, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 270453.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None , u'192.168.0.196', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (949055, 105, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 11, 13, 0, 0, tzinfo=) , u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 2869320.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.196', u'mijiddorj', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (952901, 169, None, datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 7107883.0, u '\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.196', u'mijiddorj' , 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (1118349, 177, None, datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 19, 0 , 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 7546811.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.63', u 'Handaa', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None), (1122726, 273, None, datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 17, 0, 0, tzinfo=), u'0001-08', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'0002', None, None, 8005173.0, u'\u0414\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04af\u043d\u044d ', 17, None, None, None, None, u'192.168.0.75 ', u'Handaa', 29522, 19, 3, None, None, None)]
print invoices
((1L, u'T15021715135295', 2L, u'call', u'\u0428\u0443\u0443\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0430\u043d.test122123', u'closed', u'99881122', 2L, u '\u0414\u04af\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0445\u04af\u04af \u042d\u043d\u0445\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044d\u0433', 4L, u'\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0445\u04af\u04af \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447', 10L, u'\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0436 \u0430\u0445\u0443\u0439\u043d \u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430', datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 21, 15, 13, 52, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 26, 18, 53, 36, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 26, 17, 20, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 17, 15, 13, 52, tzinfo=), None, None, None, u'agent-101-1424234875-330.wav', u'0002', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u' ', None, u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', '\x01', '\x00', '\x01', '\x01'), ( 2L, u'T15030212560836', 2L, u'调用', u'测试测试', u'打开', u'99081133', 2L, u'\u0414\u04af\u0433\u044d\u0440\u0445\u04af\u04af \u042d\u043d\u0445\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044d\u0433', None, None, None, None, datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 2, 12, 56, 8, tzinfo=), datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 2, 12, 56, 8, tzinfo=), None, None, u'', None, None, None, u' 0002', u'\u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0425\u041a', u'\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0434', 14000L, u'3', u'\u0410\u043c\u0430\u0440', u'55 ', u'55', u'boldoo@gmail.com', '\x00', '\x00', '\x00', '\x00'))
区别在于第一个（工作的）有 [( )]，但第二个（不工作的）有 (( ))。
嗯，我不明白为什么第一个示例有效。它不应该 - cursor.fetchall() 总是 returns 元组列表。
但是，如果您想获取字典列表而不是元组列表，请使用 django documentation 中的方法：
def dictfetchall(cursor):
desc = cursor.description
return [dict(zip([col[0] for col in desc], row))
for row in cursor.fetchall()]
...
cursor.execute(raw_query)
invoices = dictfetchall(cursor)
要获取原始结果作为模型实例，请使用 raw() 查询集方法：
raw_query = "SELECT * FROM ticket WHERE customer_code = '%s'"
tickets = Ticket.objects.raw(raw_query, params=[customer.custid])
Always（是的，总是）使用 params 参数传递您的参数，这将保护您免受 SQL 注入攻击。将参数传递给 cursor.execute.